Depression Essay Depression The Causes Of Depression

Depression Depression affects many people in today’s society for a number of reasons. Depression is a serious disorder, numerous people are affected by it. However, there are places to go that give help that people with depression need. To begin, depression is a disorder that affects a great deal of people. According to Mayo Clinic, â€Å"Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest† (â€Å"Overview,† n.d.). There are many causes to why people have depression. Depression can be caused by abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional), conflict with friends of family, a death in the family, substance abuse, genetics, and many more (â€Å"Causes of Depression,† n.d.). Some short-term effects for depression is†¦show more content†¦Some of the common symptoms of depression, such as decreased appetite, are reversed; the person may have cravings for chocolates or sweets† (â€Å"Depression Symptoms, Causes and Effects,† n.d.). Bipolar or manic depression is when someone is â€Å"cycling between depressive periods and manic periods in which the person engages in a lot of activity and feels extremely empowered and positive† (â€Å"Depression Symptoms, Causes and Effects,† n.d.). Seasonal Affective Disorder is when â€Å"a lack of sunlight, exercise, and fresh air causes irritability and lethargy in people† (â€Å"Depression Symptoms, Causes and Effects,† n.d.). â€Å"Postpartum depression occurs often with women who have recently given birth† (â€Å"Depression Symptoms, Causes and Effects,† n.d.). Psychotic Depression is when someone experiences psychotic symptoms and depression (â€Å"Depression Symptoms, Causes and Effects,† n.d.). Depression is not just one type of disorder, it comes in many types and must be treated accordingly. Treatments to deal with depression can come in many ways. One way to treat depression is with antidepressants. However, there can be major side effects so speaking with a doctor is important before taking the antidepressants (â€Å"Treatments,† n.d.). Another treatment is psychotherapy, which â€Å"is a general term for treating depression by talking about your condition and related issues with a mental health professional† (â€Å"Treatments,† n.d.). Getting plenty of rest,Show MoreRelatedDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressiveRead MoreEssay on The Causes of Depression1545 Words   |  7 PagesDepression I am choosing to write my paper on depression for a couple different reasons. The first of these is that I have suffered from it for the last little bit of my adult life. Depression has not been an easy thing for me, or my family. There are many different symptoms of depression, and I have suffered a lot of these personally. The second reason I chose depression is that I wanted to gain a greater knowledge on the matter, and know how to better handle problems I am faced with. DepressionRead MoreCauses of Depression Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesDepression is a rapidly growing mental illness that strikes millions, but they never know the cause of this common, yet sometimes, harmful illness. If victims and potential victims knew what caused depression, they could do more to prevent it from happening. 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These events caused pandemonium amongRead More The Cause of the Great Depression Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cause of the Great Depression The economic expansion of the 1920’s, with its increased production of goods and high profits, culminated in immense consumer speculation that collapsed with disastrous results in 1929 causing America’s Great Depression. There were a number or contributing factors to the depression, with the largest and most important one being a general loss of confidence in the American economy. The reason it escalated was a general misunderstanding of recessions byRead More Causes of the Great Depression Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesCauses of the Great Depression Throughout the 1920’s, new industries and new methods of production led to prosperity in America. America was able to use its great supply of raw materials to produce steel, chemicals, glass, and machinery that became the foundation of an enormous boom in consumer goods (Samuelson, 2). 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Letter For The Nomination Of Bertram Omar Leon For A...

I am proud to send this letter of support for the nomination of Bertram Omar Leon for a national award, as in my opinion, he has devoted himself to sustain and selfless voluntary service. Bertram has been serving his community for over 30 years now in an unassuming, conscientious, methodically and appreciative manner. He also portrays the characteristics and qualities that are admired in our community. He goes out of her way to help people in need by organizing charity activities often at his own expense. Also, his willingness to take on difficult projects like assisting our own St Lucia Community Healthcare Ambulance Project to achieve its aims of kitting out the Fire Ambulances Service on the island with essential patient lifting chairs; the National Committee for St Lucia Hurricane Relief Appeal where he was at the helms, collecting essential items for distribution; his stewardship of the relief effort during the recent Storm disaster in St Lucia; his overall support for his local community and youth development are just some of his many contributions. I am also aware of his desire to promote UK Caribbean diaspora development via his many associations with the Caribbean diaspora communities. He has already successfully influenced the St Lucia government to adopt a Diaspora Policy, which was recently approved, to engage and ensure better inclusion of overseas national in the country’s national development plans. He is regarded as an unofficial ambassador for St

Respite Volunteers Essay Example For Students

Respite Volunteers Essay Respite Volunteers Essay Advertising Plan Section 1: Introduction Executive Summary U.S. Advertising was asked by Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee to make an advertising plan. The main goal of the advertising plan was to get more male volunteers into the organization. As a group U. S. Advertising came up with two main objectives. The first main objective is to have the community, mainly men, become aware of the services that Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee offers. The second objective is to stay within the budget given. This way there would be no undo hardship to the services of Respite. U. S. Advertising worked very hard and tried to be creative when coming up with this advertising plan for Respite. Hopefully the advertising plan will work for Respite or a least give them some creative ideas for the future. Overview Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee was established in 1991 however the first volunteer training was not until 1994. Since Respite is a non profit organization it is funded by a memorial grant in memory of Robert Wood Johnson. Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee has four employees and a Board of Directors. Currently they have seventy-five trained volunteers who are mostly women. Respite is trying to expand their volunteer base to include more men. They are finding that many families want men to come into the home for companionship. Our advertising group, who is creating an advertising plan, for Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee, has seven members. Our group name is U.S. Advertising. U.S. Advertising stands for Unique Students. The group was formed about five weeks ago. The members include April Peck, Jim Judd, Shari Bennett, Geoff Chaney, Jason OConnor, Kassy Heard, and Erica Flegel,. Each member of U.S. Advertising is responsible for a different section of the advertising plan. Section 2: Identify Product, Service, or Idea The non profit organization that our group has created an advertising plan for is Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee. Respite offers a service to families who live in Shiawassee County in central Michigan. The service that Respite provides is trained volunteers who go into the home for two to four hours a week to provide companionship for adults who are ill. This allows for family members who are taking care of their love ones to have a break. Several of the families that Respite Volunteers of Shiawassee are elderly couples, where one spouse is taking care of the other one. They also serve families where the caregiver is an adult child caring for a parent. This break that Respite gives to family caretakers allow them to take a nap, run errands, or just have time for themselves. It is also a special time for the person who is ill because they get to have a visitor and something to look forward to. Section 3: Situation Analysis Historical Context: The first volunteers of the Shiawassee County Respite were trained in 1994. Since then, they now have seventy-five volunteers. With Respite being a Faith-in-Action agency, many of their volunteers come from local churches, local hospitals, and some from word of mouth. The Shiawassee Respite has now entered its 11th year of service in this area. As stated earlier Respite is a Faith-in-Action Group which is one of twenty-two groups in Michigan. Through donations, annual memberships, fundraising and a big help from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Helen Howard, Respites Program Directory, can make this voluntary service possible to many families in the Shiawassee Country area. The Robert Wood Johnson foundation is devoted to health and healthcare and is the biggest in the United States. Industry Analysis: Through research, the demographic shows locally and nationally that there will be a higher population of seniors and needed caregivers in the future with the baby boomers getting older. The supply, or patients needing help, should be stable in the future. As stated in the Rural Elderly Report to the Administration on Aging Report to Congress, potential caregivers are decreasing as the number of elderly needing care increases. Market Analysis: With the need for caregivers so high, the demand for volunteers is growing, especially the demand for male volunteers, which Respite wants to focus more attention on. The majority has been female volunteers, but with the different kinds of assistance needed now, they want to try and have more male volunteers. Respite is also focusing on volunteers. .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .postImageUrl , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:hover , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:visited , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:active { border:0!important; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:active , .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a99f2b1f9f12036c33f9f10565f772b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critical thinking Essay .

Mcdonalds Tnc Essay Example

Mcdonalds Tnc Essay McDonalds the 90th largest economy in the world feeds about 1 percent of the world’s population a day. That’s 68 million people! It hires more than 1 million workers in the US per year and is the world’s largest toy distributer. McDonalds also created the Ronald McDonald House charity, which houses more than 6000 families a year in Australia alone. However, this Illinois-based company is undeniably threatening the ‘global village’. It is doing so in a lot of ways, including the damage it inflicts to the environment, its exploitation of foreign and domestic labour and its negative impacts on traditional cultures.In this seminar, I will be analysing different pictures that support my argument that McDonalds is directly destroying the global village. I think that through the impacts it has upon the environment in which we live, McDonalds is directly destroying the global village. As a large company, McDonalds needs a lot of resources to fuel its growt h. For example, Americans alone consume over 1 billion pounds of beef at McDonalds every year. A cow produces 250 ml of methane per day on average. Think of how much methane is created by the cows needed to produce 1 billion pounds of beef!McDonalds has also been accused by Greenpeace of feeding its chickens with soybeans grown on farms in the Amazon rainforest. These soybean farms are cleared illegally, leading to mass deforestation in the Amazon. By doing this, McDonalds not only encourages illegal traders in the Amazon, but also sends a worldwide message that deforestation is a viable option that can lead to contracts selling produce to McDonalds. Encouraging excessive methane production and deforestation are just a few of the ways in which McDonalds helps to destroy the environment.McDonalds also negatively affects the global village by exploiting members of the workforce. This is done through the misuse of domestic and foreign labour. McDonalds has always been the target of acc usations that they exploit teenage labour, paying them wages that are too low to be readily lived upon. These reduced rates can be seen in this table. But most recently McDonalds has tried to tackle these accusations head on by releasing an example budget for someone who works for the company. From the start this budget was flawed, as you can see here, the employee would have to work two jobs to survive.This fact shows that an employee could not be sustained on a McDonalds wage. Secondly, McDonalds cited that health cover costs $20. This is not the case, for that amount you would be likely only to get say, ambulance cover. Thirdly, try spending only $25 a day on just food, let alone drinks, clothes and other necessities. This budget on its own, is certain evidence that you would not be able to live on a McDonald’s wage. In extreme cases some people have had to choose between paying bills and eating food. This exploitation of cheap labour is another reason why I think McDonald s is contributing to a diminished global village.McDonalds is also destroying the global village by abolishing various cultures from around the world. As seen in the picture here, McDonalds is intervening with traditional culture, replacing traditional pastimes, like food-preparation and consumption, with an internationalised product. Often in these traditional cultures, things like food can be tied up with rituals, so food is linked to their cultural heritage. By replacing traditional foods with an anonymous, generic product you’re robbing people of the chance to pass on their cultural stories through food.However some people in other parts of the world have realised that this tragic loss of culture is occurring. For example, the people of a small town east of Melbourne called Tecoma has recently protested against there being a McDonalds built in the town. 80 000 people thus far have signed a petition demanding that a McDonalds franchise not be installed in their town. The f act that the company destroys culture and that people are realising it is another reason that McDonalds is destroying the global village.In conclusion, I think that McDonalds is directly destroying the global village because of its environmental impacts, its exploitation of the workforce, and its negative impacts on human culture and health. I have used different images and evidence to support my argument. I will leave with a quote by Ken Robinson, an internationally recognized leader in the development of innovation and human resources, â€Å"We have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education, and its impoverishing our spirit and our energies as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies. Page 5 * McDonalds Corporation global headquarters are run at Oak Brook, in Illinois USA * Each main country however, has its own headquarters that run its own business’ http://www. businessinsider. com. au/office-tour-mcdonalds-hq-2012-12? op=1#now-l ets-go-down-the-supply -chain-37 * McDonald’s main function is to serve fast food to people. * Australia’s Head office is at 21-29 Central Ave, Thornleigh, NSW Page 6 * They sell food that has many negative impacts on the body, therefore making people overweight and that can lead to health issues http://userwww. ervice. emory. edu/~eakharu/Negative%20Effects%20of%20McDonalds. htm * The exploitation of foreign and domestic labour, some are not payed for overtime and others have to work harder and faster with low pay because of the franchise being understaffed * The impacts that McDonalds has on the environment include, the methane that the cattle produce is destroying the environment, the chopping of rainforests to make more room for the cattle to graze on, and the mass amounts of pollution that it takes to make the burgers. ttp://ethicalfootprint. wordpress. com/2010/05/14/unethical-companies-mcdonald%E2%80%99s/ * The farmers that produce the food that we eat are also grossly underpaid consi dering the cost of running a farm that has to pay workers to be there http://www. businessinsider. com. au/19-facts-about-mcdonalds-that-will-blow-your-mind-2012-4? op=1#americans-alone-consume-one-billion-pounds-of-beef-at-mcdonalds-in-a-yearfive-and-a-half-million-head-of-cattle-18 Page 8 The McDonaldization of Society is a book or theory on how cultures now possess characteristics of fast food restaurants, it is by George Ritzer in 1998 * The workers are affected economically and socially because of the low pay and high work hours * The environment is affected because of the pollution and the cutting down of rainforests and that causes ‘global warming’ * In Australia you can live on a McDonalds wage however it would be quite basic. However in the US, some people have to make a decision to either pay the bills or eat. http://www. lifehacker. om. au/2013/07/can-you-live-on-a-mcdonalds-wage-in-australia/ http://www. forbes. com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/07/22/i-have-to-ch oose-between- food-and-rent-meet-the-mcdonalds-workers-fighting-for-fair-wages/ * McDonalds has released a budget for people in the US yet it just confirms how low the wages are. * McDonalds also supports many local sporting clubs and has set up Ronald McDonald House, which houses sick children * McDonalds helps the economy as well, creating nearly 500,000 jobs in the US and has paid over $230 million in taxes http://userwww. ervice. emory. edu/~eakharu/Positive%20Effects%20of%20McDonalds. htm http://mctnc. blogspot. com. au/p/positives-and-negatives. html * About 250 families will sleep in a Ronald McDonald house each night, helping more than 6000 families each year. This is in Australia alone. http://www. rmhc. org. au/whatwedo/houses Page 9 Page 10 http://www. spotsdaily. com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/McDonalds_Permissibility_Tomato_ibelieveinadv-412582. jpg a) This advertisement tries to sell the idea that McDonalds has the freshest products just like home Page 11 1. There are two tomato crates and one is asking â€Å"Can’t tell the difference between your tomatoes and ours? † and the other one says â€Å"Don’t worry there isn’t one† * To sell the idea that McDonalds has the freshest and the best quality of products * Asking a question, using similarities of their products with the viewer’s same products * That McDonalds is as fresh as home 2. * The target audience is people who buy tomatoes and uses them to cook different things * It uses the writing down the bottom to persuade the viewer that all they do to these tomatoes is wash, slice and serve them.In doing so it’s trying to counteract the fear that by eating fast food you’re eating processed, artificial product. 3. * That they are very smart when trying to advertise their products to their customers * They also like to tackle the criticism that they get head on and use advertising to help prove they do not put preservatives and other additives in their products Page 12 http://asiapacific. anu. edu. au/newmandala/2006/07/19/on-the-front-line-of-globalisation/ a) This image demonstrates the social impact that McDonalds is having on cultures from around the globe Page 13 ) Originally the image would have been a woman carrying something on her head in a traditional manner, however it has been photo-shopped to make it look like she is carrying a McDonald’s burger on her head and a coke in her hand. c) This tells the viewer that ‘McDonaldization’ is really happening to cultures from around the world. d) Through the stereotypical picture of a woman with something on her head e) That McDonalds is taking over the world. f) It connects by using a very stereotypical image. This image has been doctored to show the effects of McDonalds on culture. ) That McDonalds is superseding traditional culture, replacing traditional pastimes (for example food) with internationalised product. Often in these traditional cultures things like food involve ceremony, so food is a gateway to cultural heritage. By replacing traditional foods with an anonymous, generic product you’re robbing people of the chance to transmit their cultural stories through food. Page 14 * One small town in Victoria, Tecoma, is protesting against their being a McDonalds built in their town * They have created a protest group called Burger Off! MP, James Merlino, is an enormous supporter of the cause * Over 80,000 people have signed the petition, just 60,000 more to go * This shows that even one small town of 2085 people can do a lot to these super companies http://www. burgeroff. org/ * PETA also opposes McDonalds, saying how cruel its suppliers slaughter their chickens http://b-i. forbesimg. com/laurashin/files/2013/07/Screen-Shot-2013-07-18-at-4. 57. 59-PM. png Graphs 1 http://www. admc. hct. ac. ae/hd1/english/graphs/bar_bigmac. htm 2 http://whatjapanthinks. com/2007/10/03/most-japanese-choose-mcdonalds-prefer-mos-burger/ This photo shows the effects of globalisation can have on one business in the world http://www. indexmundi. com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/macdonalds-worldwide. png 1940 Dick ;amp; Mac McDonald open McDonald’s Bar-B-Que. The restaurant holds it’s grand opening in San Bernardino, CA. McDonald’s Bar-B-Que was located at the intersection of 14th ;amp; East streets, where it still resides today. 1948 Dick and Mac shut down their restaurant for renovations, re-inventing it with a much-simplified menu that containing only nine items. The staple of the menu is the 15 cent hamburger.For 5 cents, you could get bottomless orange juice to go with it. 1949 McDonald’s introduces it’s famous french fries into the mix, adding them to the menu in 1949, along with the first triple-thick milkshakes. 1954 Ray Kroc visits McDonalds, and becomes the restaurant’s official franchising agent—a job that would make later him a famous millionaire. 1955 McD onald’s opens it’s second location in Des Plaines, Illinois. Ray Kroc was instrumental in getting them established. The restaurant’s second location made $366. 12 in sales on opening day.More than 700 additional franchise locations would open over the course of the decade that followed. 1963 In 1963, 23 years after opening their very first restaurant, the brothers opened McDonald’s 500th location in Toledo, Ohio. 1965 In 1965, McDonald’s officially became a publicly owned corporation, selling it’s first public stock shares at $22. 50 apiece. The initial stock offering took place on the restaurant’s 10th anniversary. 1967 With the opening of McDonald’s first locations in Canada and Puerto Rico, McDonalds became an international chain.This trend would continue throughout the restaurant’s future, eventually resulting in McDonald’s locations in 118 different countries. 1968 The famous Big Mac hamburger is introduced. 1975 McDonald’s decides to expand from lunch into breakfast, and begins the morning meal with the launch of it’s famous Egg McMuffin sandwiches. The Egg McMuffin was invented by a McDonald’s location owner by the name of Herb Peterson, from Santa Barbara, California. 1980 McDonald’s celebrates it’s 25th anniversary. 1987

Just in Time for the Holidays ... How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is now in PRINT!

Just in Time for the Holidays ... How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is now in PRINT! As you may have read in my recent newsletters and my recent blog article, I have been working tirelessly on a print version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile, and Im happy to announce that its finally ready and available in full color just in time for the holidays! With this print version, my goal is to reach a wider audience, including universities, bookstores, and the people who simply prefer to hold a real paper book in their hands. Is that you? You may be asking yourself, But isnt LinkedIn constantly changing? Yes, it is! Thats why with every copy of my print version, I am also including a subscription to unlimited LIFETIME updates of the PDF version of my e-book. Youll have the inside scoop on whatever changes LinkedIn is making and my up-to-date tips for keeping with the latest trends. What a perfect holiday gift for your job-seeking friends and family! And for a limited time, get my early bird price plus free shipping! I have been contacted by numerous recruiters, and it has only been four days since I purchased the book! Now, I have people at work asking me to help them work on their accounts. MUST buy!!! Bill Cozad, Account Manager, Milwaukee, WI Thank you for you for supporting my effort to get the print version of my book into circulation. And please pass this information along to any people or groups who would benefit from a KILLER LinkedIn profile. Happy Holidays!

Hotel Analysis Of The Bayswater Area Tourism Essay Example

Hotel Analysis Of The Bayswater Area Tourism Essay Example Hotel Analysis Of The Bayswater Area Tourism Essay Hotel Analysis Of The Bayswater Area Tourism Essay Bayswater is located in west London in City of Westminster. Bayswater is a widely distributed country with local population of Arabs, Americans, Greeks every bit good as Brazilians. Boasting of holding the highest concentration of hotels in Bayswater London, the country caters to may visitants and local population. Bayswater belowground tubing station is in the Travel card Zone 1 and is served by the Circle Line and District Line. Bayswater tubing station is located between Paddington and Notting Hill Gate. Notting Hill Gate is served by the Central Line excessively. Bayswater tubing station entryway is on the west side of Queensway. Bayswater is a built up territory and in the north boundary lines Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens and lies to the north West of Charing Cross. Hotels in Bayswater London find visitants and travelers of important diverseness in add-on to the local population. The Marble Arch, Hyde Park, Whiteleys Shopping Centre are the attractive forces that invitees in Bayswater London tubing Stationss can see without any fuss. All these attractive forces are at walking distance from the station. Luxury Hotels in Bayswater London All kinds of travelers, tourers and visitants sing London find themselves looking for a topographic point to remain near Bayswater chiefly due to the handiness of immense figure of hotels. Peoples who are willing to pay more can choose for the luxury hotels near Bayswater London. 5 star hotels in Bayswater London is the Baglioni Hotel London and the Milestone Hotel Red Carnation Hotel These are the lone 5 star hotels near Bayswater London. Theses hotel offers epicurean adjustment right at the Centre of sole London. The hotels in Bayswater London are located really near to Hyde Park, Kensington Palace, Royal Albert Hall, Natural History Museum and Victoria A ; Albert Museum. The 5 star hotels near Bayswater London are boutique hotels and offer personal shopping service in order for invitees to bask shopping at Harrods, Harvey Nicols, Chelsea, High Street Kensington, Oxford Street, Bond Street, Portobello Road Market etc. The 5 star hotel in Bayswater London, Baglioni Hotel London ext ends warm Italian cordial reception and has installations like watering place, chauffeur driven Maserati Quattroporte, personal pantryman, fittingness Centre in add-on to Brunello Lounge and Restaurant. Authentic Italian culinary art is served here. The Red Carnation Hotel has exceeding service which ensures that their invitees ever return. The hotel has on offer a scope of dining options providing to diverse culinary desires and saloon that is the perfect topographic point to run into up friends and co-workers while sing London. 4 Star Hotels in Bayswater London There are many 4 star hotels near Bayswater London and visitants can take their choice from Hotel Indigo London, The Colonnade The Little Venice Town House, Commodore Hotel, Shaftesbury Hyde Park International, Thistle Hyde Park, The Abbey Court, Quality Crown Hyde Park, Ramada London Hyde Park, Seraphine Kensington Gardens etc. These are luxury hotels near Bayswater tubing station London and supply fashionable and modern adjustment to their invitees. Most of the hotels near Bayswater London have fittingness suites, eating house, saloon, a lower limit of two tubing Stationss within walking distance, air conditioned suites, falt screen Television, free broadband cyberspace entree and easy entree to attractive forces like Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens etc. The invitees in hotels near Bayswater London can utilize the Heathrow Express 15 minute airdrome service which begins from near Paddington Rail station to make the airdrome. Budget Hotels Near Bayswater Tube Station London Budget adjustments near Bayswater tubing station are plenty. Good quality service and value for money is what budget hotels near Bayswater London offer. Hotels like the Berjaya Eden Park Hotel, Paddington Court Rooms, Park Inn Hyde Park, Comfort Inn Edgware Road, Apart Hotel 73, Darlington Hyde Park, Ventures Hotel, Notting Hill Gate Hotel, Norfolk Plaza, Alexandra Hotel, Palace Court Holiday Hotel etc. These budget hotels near Bayswater London provide cozy beds, satellite Television, saloon, eating house, 24 hours service. The Bayswater tubing station hotels are located really near to Oxford Street, Bond Street, Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. The country near Bayswater is really busy and therefore booking suites in progress in hotels near Bayswater London would be wise. Rose Court Hotel Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens Hotel, Gower Hotel, Ravna Gora Hotel, Athena Hotel, Hamiltons Hotel, Adare Hotel etc. are inexpensive hotels near Bayswater London. Offering warm, clean beds and good service these hotels in Bayswater London are good value for money spent. Guests can remain in the most happening portion of London metropolis every bit good as salvage some money in the procedure of using the service of inexpensive Bayswater tubing station hotels. Cancellation Policy of Hotels Near Bayswater London Most of the Bayswater London hotels have cancellation policy where in cancellation at least 24 hours prior to day of the month of reaching would be performed without any charges. In the event of late cancellations or guest non demoing up, a charge tantamount to rate of one dark would be charged by Bayswater tubing station hotels. Bayswater is a beautiful country in west London made up fo Georgian stucco patios interspersed with garden squares. Expensive flats to little studio flats are available in this country and hotels in Bayswater London besides belong to the same classs. The high streets of Queensway and Westbourne Grove show window celebrated trade names and is a Eden for shoppers who are remaining at hotels in Bayswater London every bit good as local population. This country of London caters to business communities on concern trips, tourers from all over the universe and leisure travelers from other parts of UK. Bing the topographic point with maximal figure of hotels, Bayswater besides has many eating houses offering diverse culinary arts to diverse people sing Bayswater, lodging in the many Bayswater tubing station hotels. The Circle Line and District Line functioning the belowground Bayswater station can take all travelers and tourers to all other attractive forces of London like the Tower Hill, Lon don Bridge, Monument, Westminster, Liverpool Street etc. Alternately, the Central Line can be caught from Notting Hill which takes riders to St Paul s, Oxford Circus, Bank, Holborn etc. Bayswater tubing station hotels are really handily located.

Discussion Paper Strategic Management Opinion Essay

Discussion Paper Strategic Management Opinion - Essay Example The Grocer and Construction News are typical and comparatively large circulation weeklies, which the trade uses both to assess itself and to inform itself of environmental changes it may need to act upon (Lowe, 1999, p. 232). Wiretapping is definitely not appropriate because this is unethical. Wiretapping competitors is one type of economic espionage. This is the "clandestine collection of trade secrets or proprietary information about a company's competitors. This practice is illegal and unethical and carries serious criminal penalties for the offending individual or business" (Kerin, 2003). Posing as potential customers is probably not appropriate because this is one type of deception. Morally, it is wrong to deceive competitors just to obtain information. Ultimately, ethical choices are based on the personal moral philosophy of the decision maker. If your employees know you have practiced this, they might get the wrong impression and they might follow suit and deceive your own organization. As emphasized above, information is power. This might be appropriate if the aim is to know what are the advantages and disadvantages of your competitors' products. This practice will be beneficial because you will know on what to improve with regards to make your products at par with the competitors'. There is nothing wron

How can a post-structuralist Reading of Henrik Ibsens Peer Gynt, Wild Essay

How can a post-structuralist Reading of Henrik Ibsens Peer Gynt, Wild duck, and When We Dead awaken, accentuate the political dimensions of his work - Essay Example ated by reference to Derrida’s play of signifiers; section (3) examines When We Dead Waken as part of progressive statement on the role of the artist; finally, the dissertation concludes by considering the unifying characteristics of the plays, and the broader role of post-structural thought. It’s argued that not only is Ibsen one of the primary fathers of Modern Drama, but that specific elements in his oeuvre – Gynt’s conversation with the Boyg, the signification of the ‘wild duck’ – demand a post-structural lens to approach comprehension. When possible, contemporary post-structural scholarship has been incorporated into the dissertation. These plays have been chosen for their resistance to traditional critical approaches. Less emphasis has been placed on developing an inter-textual framework between the plays, as it’s believed such an approach is better suited to a more comprehensive selection. If there is an underlining theme that emerged in the construction of the dissertation it is that the art object anticipates the critical framework needed to adequately articulate its textual functions. That is, traditional Ibsen scholarship was handicapped by an inability to articulate elements of the plays that the post-structural framework, albeit flawed, contributes newfound insight. In keeping with a great amount of post-structural discursivity the essay establishes a methodological framework that is not restricted to an overarching narrative. In the examination of three seminal texts – Peer Gynt, Wild Duck, and When We Dead Awaken -- a myriad of post-structural lenses, including those of Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Paul De Man, are coupled with what Foucault (2006) terms ‘founders of discursivity,’ Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx. In refining a critical understanding of these ideas, this dissertation is highly indebted to Professor of English at Yale University, Paul H. Fry, whose open-access Survey of the Theory of

King Aegeus - Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

King Aegeus Greek Mythology Essay Even though many believe mythology was written just to satisfy, it actually serves as an explanation. These tales written by Ancient Greeks were not written just to entertain, but for a purpose. Mythology is an important factor which helps discover secrets of our race. Using these myths, natural phenomena is explained, morality is taught, and man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears are revealed. Still today these stories are looked at to explain everyday events. An example of mythology unlocking keys to the human race is when natural phenomena is explained. In the story of Theseus, his father, King Aegeus, kills himself and falls into a body of water which is now known as the Aegean Sea (Hamilton 152). King Aegeus shows the love he has for Theseus by committing suicide when he believes his beloved son was killed in the Labrynith. The Greeks celebrate his life by naming the Aegean Sea after him. In addition to this incidence, the explanation of seasons is given using the tale of Demeter, â€Å"Demeter did not refuse, poor comfort though it was that she must lose Persephone for four months every year and her young loveliness go down to the world of the dead,† (Hamilton 53). When Demeter is without her daughter, whom she loves dearly, for four months, she becomes very unhappy. As a result of her depression, the earth becomes cold for this time period, thus making the season of winter. Certainly mythology is a great source of justification for the unexplainable. Not only does mythology explain natural phenomena, it also teaches morality in many of the myths. For example, in the story of Daedalus, he warns his son not to fly too high because the heat of the sun will melt the glue on his wings and he will fall, but Icarus gets caught up with having the ability to fly, disregards his father’s advice, and ends up falling into the sea (Hamilton 139-140). The moral portrayed in the story is that children need to obey their elders, for they have more life experiences and wisdom. When Icarus does not listen to his father, fate is not kind to him. Another situation that depicts a significant lesson is the one that takes place in Perseus’s story when Queen Cassiopeia boasts her daughter, Andromeda, to be more beautiful than the daughters of Nereus. This angers the gods and they send a man eating serpent to Ethiopia which can only be freed by the sacrifice of Andromeda (Hamilton 146). The message of this myth is that being prideful is dangerous and can cause people to perform harmful actions towards the boasting party. Often times, individuals are proud of what they have and flaunt their possessions for attention, when it is better to just sit quiet and let others realize it themselves. Clearly, the morals taught in mythology were relevant to life then and are still relevant in life today. The final function mythology serves is being able to explore man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears. This is displayed in Thisbe and Pyramus’s tale when their ashes are put together in the urn so that they will be together forever (Hamilton 103). In life, it is one’s dream to be with their loved one for as long as they are alive. It is very common when a couple dies that they want to be buried together in the hopes that even death will not be able to separate them. Friendship is a relationship similar to marriage that is highly valued and is demonstrated when Hercules leaves the Argonauts to go look for his best friend, Hylas (Hamilton 120). It is not like Hercules to abandon such a journey that would make him even look even more heroic, but his friendship with Hylas takes priority over the voyage for the Golden Fleece. The force present in friendship is so strong that one will do almost anything for the other. Without a doubt mythology provides many of examples of man’s greatest hopes and deepest fears. Obviously mythology can be used in many ways to explain everyday happenings. Whether it is natural phenomena, morality, or man’s hopes and fears, mythology plays an important role. The mythological stories, written by the ancient Greeks, often parallel events that happen today. Studying more in depth of these myths might lead to a better perception of life now. Work Cited Hamilton, Edith. Mythology Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New York: Penguin Group, 1940. Print. 13-315.

The American Dream: Life, Liberty and Freedom Essays -- Essays on the A

The basic idea of the American Dream generally has stayed the same throughout time, although the majority of Americans seem to take the Dream for granted. The first settlers arrived to the New World in search of a treasure: life, liberty, and freedom. This treasure was and still is the American Dream. Now people from all over the world come to America in search of the same Dream; some even die trying. People were not as materialistic as people are now; they just wanted happiness. As time passed, people became more materialistic and began to take for granted what they were born with. For example, when my papa was a teenager he purchased his first car with cash. Everyone paid for almost everything they got with cash, not credit like they do today. Almost everything today revolves around having credit. Most of the richest people in our state could not go to the bank and withdraw a couple hundred thousand dollars; they would have to borrow the money based on their credit. Although, there are many people that are very misfortunate and have hardly anything, their idea of the American Dream would be much simpler than that of someone who is middle or upper class. Almost a week ago my boyfriend and I were leaving Crabtree Valley mall. It was a pretty cold and rainy day, the kind of day that we would rather be at home cuddled up on the couch watching television, but we were shopping. As we were leaving the mall we came to a stoplight. Out of the corner of my eye I saw a tiny old woman kneeling by the corner of the curve. She was holding a ragged cardboard sign that read â€Å"homeless, need food†. A doleful feeling took over my body, and I thought to myself, what would her idea of the American Dream be? Would it be to own her own home or have a fancy car, I think not. By this time, her dream would be a bit simpler. The American Dream changes from generation to generation along with technology and obstacles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With each generation that passes a whole new era arrives; one with higher demands and stresses of everyday life. The American Dream becomes more distorted and complex through time. The more we get, the more we want. What ever happened to being content and happy with what one has as long as they are healthy and safe? With each passing year people are becoming more materialistic and less grateful. My dad never had a hamburger when he wa... ...t encounter at one point or another in our life times in order to achieve our endeavors. Further, the economy is another major obstacle that we each must face. As individuals we can not control the fluctuations of the economy nor can we control the effect it has on our lives and our dreams. But we can rationalize our ideas of what the true American Dream is and be thankful for what we have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On September 11, 2001, those who do not know what it is to live a life full of life, liberty, and freedom; threatened the American Dream. By realizing this tragedy we appreciate what a fortunate nation we live in. Until the eleventh of September, no one really thought much about what it is to be American until news stories were flashing were shown in array about the freedom other countries such as the one that threatened our American Dream did not have. We really need to put the American Dream into perspective. The question comes to mind â€Å"What would the American Dream be if we did not have life, liberty and freedom?† There would be no such idea as â€Å"the American Dream†. We would be identical to almost any third world country world that does not have these rights. The American Dream: Life, Liberty and Freedom Essays -- Essays on the A The basic idea of the American Dream generally has stayed the same throughout time, although the majority of Americans seem to take the Dream for granted. The first settlers arrived to the New World in search of a treasure: life, liberty, and freedom. This treasure was and still is the American Dream. Now people from all over the world come to America in search of the same Dream; some even die trying. People were not as materialistic as people are now; they just wanted happiness. As time passed, people became more materialistic and began to take for granted what they were born with. For example, when my papa was a teenager he purchased his first car with cash. Everyone paid for almost everything they got with cash, not credit like they do today. Almost everything today revolves around having credit. Most of the richest people in our state could not go to the bank and withdraw a couple hundred thousand dollars; they would have to borrow the money based on their credit. Although, there are many people that are very misfortunate and have hardly anything, their idea of the American Dream would be much simpler than that of someone who is middle or upper class. Almost a week ago my boyfriend and I were leaving Crabtree Valley mall. It was a pretty cold and rainy day, the kind of day that we would rather be at home cuddled up on the couch watching television, but we were shopping. As we were leaving the mall we came to a stoplight. Out of the corner of my eye I saw a tiny old woman kneeling by the corner of the curve. She was holding a ragged cardboard sign that read â€Å"homeless, need food†. A doleful feeling took over my body, and I thought to myself, what would her idea of the American Dream be? Would it be to own her own home or have a fancy car, I think not. By this time, her dream would be a bit simpler. The American Dream changes from generation to generation along with technology and obstacles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With each generation that passes a whole new era arrives; one with higher demands and stresses of everyday life. The American Dream becomes more distorted and complex through time. The more we get, the more we want. What ever happened to being content and happy with what one has as long as they are healthy and safe? With each passing year people are becoming more materialistic and less grateful. My dad never had a hamburger when he wa... ...t encounter at one point or another in our life times in order to achieve our endeavors. Further, the economy is another major obstacle that we each must face. As individuals we can not control the fluctuations of the economy nor can we control the effect it has on our lives and our dreams. But we can rationalize our ideas of what the true American Dream is and be thankful for what we have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On September 11, 2001, those who do not know what it is to live a life full of life, liberty, and freedom; threatened the American Dream. By realizing this tragedy we appreciate what a fortunate nation we live in. Until the eleventh of September, no one really thought much about what it is to be American until news stories were flashing were shown in array about the freedom other countries such as the one that threatened our American Dream did not have. We really need to put the American Dream into perspective. The question comes to mind â€Å"What would the American Dream be if we did not have life, liberty and freedom?† There would be no such idea as â€Å"the American Dream†. We would be identical to almost any third world country world that does not have these rights.

Bra Boys Analysis

The identity of the Bra Boys can be seen through their values and attitudes. They are presented through the Cody, the value of brother ship and Attitude of brother ship through their tattoos and being there for each other. In part 1 of Bra boys, the Boys had taken Jesse Pollock and other younger people on trips to surf. This had been carried on from what the other Bra Boys did for Cody and his friends. This shows their values of their society and community, as they are willing to give the younger generations to toughen up and be free with the surf. This shows htat apart from their devilish side, they also have the value of family and friendship with the younger generation. The Bra Boy’s value towards the beach is shown to be their lifesaver. The beach and surf is everything to them. Sunny Abberton, a Bra boy said â€Å"The surf, had saved so many kids around here, that have led them to a lifestyle of the ocean instead of a lifestyle in crime. † Showing that the beach has saved them on accounts and they have an optimistic value of the beach. Values of the Bra boys is brother ship, as they had each other’s back. When 2 people had a fight with authorities in a party during Christmas, everyone got into the brawl. This shows how the value of being together in the Bra boys is strong. One major values the boys have is having fun with others. In the serious of montages, the Bra Boys are shown to be jumping on each other, setting alight each other and each them jump off the cliffs and even jumping on a bus. This shows that they highly value fun in their lives as they want all the fun. This scene plays with the light hearted tune, this influences the value of fun in the Bra Boys life and their value of belonging as they do what they want and what they believe is right. That is the idenity presented as a Bra Boy. To have fun their own way. Survival and a sense of belonging. The Bra boys values of survival is shown as they survived from various gangs, depression, fights and drugs. They had shown that they want to survive for the beach, as it is their legacy. For the Bra Boys, they showed a sense of belonging by helping each other through tough times and helping the younger generations. The Bra Boy’s identity of attitudes is shown that they have each other backs and that they do not wish to do harm. Their attitudes towards the police is hatred as they were in a fight with the authorities. However, the authorities lost but the media had portrayed them to be the victims. The police thinks the Bra boys as criminals and always suspects them, thus they have a negative attitude towards the police. The attitude towards people similar to the bra boys in the past, cold, hurt ad alone. The Bra Boy’s have the attitude of being there for those to toughen them up and be the Bra boys just as the older Bra Boys did the same thing to them. The attitude towards Ma shows their love and symbolizes what Ma is to them. Their love and kindness in comparison the language used in the other parts of the film shows how they value and their attitude towards their caretaker and the start of the Bra Boys. Their tone and voise is different in comparison to the other tones that is used. Not only that, there is something that is only presented in this scene that the Bra Boys does. This type of body language shows their affectiong and their attitudes towards Ma as she is the most important person to the Bra Boys. They Hugged her.

Ancient Art

Panel of Lions- Chauvet Caves Queen Nefertari Art history is a record of how people in the past lived, felt, and acted; it allows us a glimpse of a long ago deceased culture. To look at Ancient Greek art is to realize the importance and accomplishments of human beings. Though the Greeks used art to honor the Gods, it was those same Gods that were created in human image. Even their sculpture, pottery, and temples, were created under the fundamental principle of ar ©te, meaning to reach one's fullest potential. Without Rome's influence, we would not have concrete or the Pantheon, which is still in use today.While more secular and utilitarian in form, the Romans developed the use of the arch, the vault, and the dome, leading for a much grander form of architecture. From the Greeks example, the Romans developed mosaic decorations, which became a very important aspect of patrician domestic decoration. The Paleolithic Period is referred to as the Stone Age, mainly because stone artifacts are the only artifacts that have survived. In Paleolithic paintings, the images of humans rarely appear and when they do they are more simplified and abstract than the images of animals, which portray an expressive naturalism.Discovered by three cave explorers in 1994, the Chauvet Caves, located in the Ardeche region of Southern France date back to around 30,000 BC. The most famous cave findings in the world, this Pont d' Arc find holds the oldest known paintings. Painted in charcoal and earthen pigments, lifelike images of horses, rhinoceroses, tigers, and other animals that long ago became extinct show us what life was like for our ancestors. It has long been the belief of scholars that the purpose behind this naturalistic art was to bring the spirit of the animals into the rituals of the hunt.It is believed that he Chauvet Caves were used as a sanctuary where the Paleolithic people initiated their youth in ceremonies. This theory is based on both symbolic and metaphysical associ ations with the animals portrayed in these ancient cave paintings. The Chauvet Cave features a coveted scene of a pride of lions hunting together for bison; as this was a permanent place of inhabitation for man, this art represents a level of development for mankind. Chauvet Caves is divided into two parts. While the first part is mainly red images with some black imagery, the second part is mainly black images of animals.Along with the pride of lions is a painting of three horses More than 60% of the animals identified at Chauvet-Pont-d'-Arc were considered dangerous mammoth animals. These animals represent the animals that primitive man hunted at the time. It is surprising the amount of shading and perspective that went into the creation of these cave creations. These refinements contrast greatly with the images we are used to seeing. Egypt, known for such mesmerizing works as The Great Pyramids, had deserts on both sides of the Nile.Because of this, Egypt remained relatively unsc athed from utside influence for 2,500 years, leading to their own distinctive style of architecture, painting, and sculpture. While their religious belief focused largely on life after death, care and preservation of the body was essential for extending life beyond the grave. â€Å"Upon death, bodies of royalty and nobility were embalmed; together with accompanying artifacts, tools, and furniture, they were then buried in pyramids or in hidden underground tombs. Architects put great effort into funerary structures. As a result, most of what we know about ancient Egypt comes from such tombs†.Frank, 2010). Nefertari's tomb is considered to be one of the best preserved, most eloquent paintings of any Egyptian burial site. Discovered in 1904 by archaeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli, he spent two years excavating both this site and other sites around the Valley of the Queens with limited success. Humanity and humidity, mixed with landslides and salt deposits, had left the tomb in dep lorable condition. In 1986, the Ministry of Culture and the Egyptian Antiquities Organization in Cooperation with Getty Conservation Institute were determined to complete restore Queen Nefertari's tomb.Queen Nefertari was believed to be King Ramesses II's favorite wife, and as such, he commissioned a beautifully painted tomb in a small rock-cut temple for her to be placed next to his own. It was located in the Valley of the Queens, which is located in Thebes. Reigning during the 19th Egyptian Dynasty, the queen's tomb consisted of several rooms and hallways with paintings of Queen Nefertari in various positions doing many different things. At the entrance is a depiction of a sun between Isis and Nephythys, which leads into an offering hall, with several paintings that show the Queen in worship and offering items to different Gods.

Cute Breakup Quotes - Overcome Negative Feelings

Cute Breakup Quotes - Overcome Negative Feelings The fire has long died down. Love has gone poof! Only the dying cinders of the has-been romance remain. What do you do? When love becomes a burden, it may be wise to surrender. A little pain is better than a lifetime of compromises. Let these cute breakup quotes assuage your feelings, help you get closure or at least provide a temporary distraction.   George Bernard ShawA broken heart is a very pleasant complaint for a man in London if he has a comfortable income. Alexander HamiltonA promise must never be broken. Albert CamusBlessed are the hearts that can bend; they shall never be broken. Fanny CrosbyChords that were broken will vibrate once more. Langston HughesHold fast to your dreams, for without them life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly. Lucinda WilliamsI guess you could write a good song if your heart hadnt been broken, but I dont know of anyone whose heart hasnt been broken. Sally FieldI think thats very sad, that I havent allowed my heart to be broken.I have broken a few. Otomo No YakamochiBetter never to have met you in my dream than to wake and reach for hands that are not there. SocratesThe hottest love has the coldest end. Oscar WildeHearts live by being wounded. Kahlil GibranEver has it been that love knows not its own depth until the hour of separation. Robert BrowningTake away love and our earth is a tomb. Oscar WildeThe heart was made to be broken. Marcus AureliusReject your sense of injury and the injury itself disappears. Richard WilburWhat is the opposite of two? A lonely me, a lonely you. Rupert BrookeAnd I shall find some girl perhaps, and a better one than you, with eyes as wise, but kindlier, and lips as soft, but true, and I daresay she will do. Graham BellWhen one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us. LamartineSometimes, when one person is missing, the whole world seems depopulated. Robert FrostFamilies break up when people take hints you dont intend and miss hints you do intend. Lord ByronThe heart will break, but broken live on.

Using the PHP Rand() Functions to Generate Random Numbers

Using the PHP Rand() Functions to Generate Random Numbers The rand() function is used in PHP to generate a random integer. The rand() PHP function can also be used to generate a random number within a specific range, such as a number between 10 and 30. If no max limit is specified when using the rand() PHP function, the largest integer that can be returned is determined by the getrandmax() function, which varies by operating system.   For example, in Windows, the largest number that can be generated is 32768. However, you can set a specific range to include higher numbers. Rand() Syntax and Examples The correct syntax for using the rand PHP function is as follows: rand(); or rand(min,max); Using the syntax as described above, we can make three examples for the rand() function in PHP: ?phpecho (rand(10, 30) . br);echo (rand(1, 1000000) . br);echo (rand());? As you can see in these examples, the first rand function generates a random number between 10 and 30, the second between 1 and 1 million, and then third without any maximum or minimum number defined. These are some possible results: 20442549830380191 Security Concerns Using Rand() Function The random numbers generated by this function are not cryptographically secure values, and they should not be used for cryptographic  reasons. If you need secure values, use other random functions such as random_int(), openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(), or random_bytes() Note: Beginning with PHP 7.1.0, the rand() PHP function is an alias of mt_rand(). The mt_rand() function is said to be four times faster and it produces a better random value. However, the numbers it generates are not cryptographically secure. The PHP manual recommends using the  random_bytes() function for cryptographically secure integers.

Stakeholders in strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stakeholders in strategic management - Essay Example In fact any commercial organization can blueprint a very wide constituency of its stakeholders. It's not a misnomer to call such interests as stakeholders- a connotation which is far superior to that of a lender. In fact the term stakeholders itself indicates that the organization concerned functions with such stakes in mind. Therefore no organization can afford to function ignoring its stakeholders. In fact it consciously builds within its policies, obectives and reporting systems accountability to such stakeholders and often takes up structured reporting to communicate the extent to which such interests are protected. On the obverse side of the coin, strategic management is scientific practice of ensuring that any organization not only functions remaining on course to achievement of its vision and long term objectives but also that such objectives and visions can be broadened, widened and deepened according to changing environmental realities. While stakeholders are also scattered in its environment generally most organizations view the essence of strategy formulation as coping with competition (Porter, 1979) and they formulate a strategic structure accordingly (Chandler, 1962). This is rather a narrow view of strategy making which only reckons with competition. In fact both management strategies and business strategies should coalesce to form one unique strategy that addresses and monitors the interests of all stakeholders as the organization competes and grows. Strategic Construct Any strategic action plan has to be supported on the constructional skeleton of strategies, tactics and structure. Several strategic constructs have been put forward; however very few are exhaustive enough to ensure a complete environmental scan so as to consciously build stakeholders' concerns. Stephen Haines' Centre for Strategic Management has built a new strategic planning system based on systems thinking and calls it the 21st Century Yearly Strategic Management System and Cycle. This system moves beyond planning into implementation. It includes a Plan-to Plan phase and a Plan-to-Implement phase. The steps include team building and leadership skill building as part of the planning. It also includes a parallel process whereby all key stakeholders are involved based on the premise that 'People support what they help create'. This process starts with a Futuristic Environmental Scan and defines the ideal vision in terms of mission, values and end outcomes that the organization wishe s to set for itself. Only after the statement of such Ideal Future a Current State assessment based on SWOT(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) is taken up to identify the gaps and make strategies to close the gap(s).As a result of their clients adopting this model it was found that clients began developing competitive edge and the organization was much clearer on what their competitive "positioning" in market place was and found themselves moving positively in that direction, to the delight of their customers(Haines,2004).Thus this process leans directly into the process of competitive strategy making as it includes

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 33

Economics - Essay Example Macroeconomics focuses on the international and national economic trends. Neoclassical economics pursues economics through means of demand and supply models, which determine prices on the basis of subjective preferences of consumers and producers. Neoclassical economics depends on subjective preferences in determining prices. Sustainability is associated to the quality of life in a society. It determines whether the environmental, social and economic systems, which make up the society, are offering a productive, meaningful and healthy life for the current and future generations. Sustainable development is the growth, which satisfies the requirements of existing generations without compromising the capability of upcoming generations to satisfy their requirements. There are three features of sustainable development; economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. Environmental sustainability is described as sustenance of life supporting systems. Economic sustainability is described as sustenance of economic capital. It refers to the maximum amount of revenue, which may be spent without diminishing future consumption. Social sustainability is described as sustenance of social resources. Sustainable growth should integrate these categories of sustainability and employ them in ensuring that development is sustainable. There are developments of the new economic ideas in the modern economy. The world economy has experienced various economic conditions and new ideas are evolving, complementing the traditional economic ideas. The following are the alternative economic ideas in the modern economy. First, modern economies are considering shifting from outsourcing to in-sourcing. Economies are encouraging local production to enhance domestic employment. Another idea includes the accessing of wealth of the locals; information and communication technologies are changing

Unit 6, Chapter 13 & 14 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 6, Chapter 13 & 14 - Coursework Example The major key to address this issue is to provide all the employees a holistic view of the organization, which they are all part of and they are working for. Involvement and extensive communication is a crucial factor to providing a holistic view of the organization. The major structural issue to identify is on how to minimize these conflicts resulting from massive compartmentalization of jobs, while maintaining operating efficiency and productivity of employees by still utilizing specialization in some areas. In many years, successful corporations have used the concept of cross-functional work teams in order to address the issue. A cross-functional work team is a team organized to perform a task, usually to work on a certain project within the organization. It is cross-functional because the members of the teams come from different specialized functions of the organization—research and development, marketing, finance, human resources, operations, etc. While the team focuses on things ranging from solving a certain problem in the company, to working on a new product a company decides to launch, specialization is used according to the demands of the project. The diverse set of individuals from different specialized jobs, working together also provides a multitude of insights for brainstorming. The utilization of cross-functional teams provides a more flexible approach to adapting to a company’s business environment. By focusing on a certain project with experts from each of the department, coordination is ensured which cuts costs in terms of time and cutting down processes. This will help the company bring excellent products in the market before any competitor does, which can give it a definite advantage if it can match its offerings with the consumers’ changing preferences the earliest in the market. Because cross-functional

Case Analysis of Sutton Health Essay Example for Free

Case Analysis of Sutton Health Essay This network identified that traditional payment processing system had limitations that hindered the effective collecting of revenue. What with the recession, healthcare organizations have seen an increase in the inability to collect debt from the self-pay, the uninsured and underinsured patients. This has caused a lot of struggle when it comes to the organizations to meet the operational margins and the profits. I find there are a number of reasons for the new increase in patient’s debts, the most common are, poor accounting practices, lack of patient information and correct demographics. There is new governance that is designed to provide more coordinated care to said patients (Gleeson,2010). There are five geographic regions that reflects the health care access to the customers of Northern California. Each of the five regions will have governance structure and it will oversee many of the Sutter affiliated medical facilities and also the hospitals. In its effort to increase point of service collections and improve the overall revenue cycle Sutter health took steps to measure performance using a handful of specific primary benchmarks, empowering PFS staff to assume responsibility for every individual account they handle, ensure each registration is analyzed using a rules engine to identify problems before patients leave the registration desk and ensure PFS staff receive appropriate comprehensive training to excel under the new system† (Souza, McCarty, 2007). Obtaining the correct patient information plays a large part on non-collectable debt because patients are not able to be reached. These limitations were associated with limited access to accurate information by the account representatives, ineffective performance measures and fragmented centers of the service provision. The Sutter Health program developed a system that was comprised of solutions that were geared towards overcoming these limitations. The key problems and issues, is that the United States healthcare system is characterized by huge upkeep from collecting revenue from patients. This situation is brought about by a health care insurance system which entails high deductible pay health plans and as well as higher co-payments plan. (Souza, McCarty, 2007). This situation has been made worse through the large proportion of the population not having healthcare coverage. The traditional health care system has had a hard time meeting their target revenue collection. This is due to several problems that attached along with the traditional payment system. Unlike when dealing with the payments through insurance claims but also dealing with the up-front payments that are required by the hospital for payment of services before the patient could even receive the service (Souza, Mccarty, 2007). So this means that the patient services staff (PFS) has to have complete and accurate information about above said client. This presented a problem for the traditional payment system where much of the customer payment system was processed in the back end. This system also required that the PFS staff ask for money from self-pay patients, but the PFS were not accustomed to this under the traditional system. The PFS staff found it hard to wait for the back end section to process customer information and to provide a breakdown of the patients payment details. So this became a tedious task for hospital accounting departments as well as for patients that had to wait a longer period before receiving services. The inefficiency of the traditional system not only resulted in low quality services, but also in low revenue collections. The system provides such a broad range of health care services, which include acute, sub- acute, home health, long term, outpatient care as well as physician delivery systems. These services are provided through an integrated health care delivery approach that gives the system the ability to deliver a full range of healthcare products and services. rks. Sutter also recognized that the traditional system did not provide a means for analyzing selected data nor did it generate required detailed report on demand. This led to more cost as the hospital had to rely on programmers to generate such reports. The front desk staff also lacked real time information which hindered their ability to serve the client without consulting the back end staff. It also meant that the front desk staff could not monitor the patients progress (Souza, McCarty, 2007). Another challenge was that the PFS members were not empowered enough to be held accountable for each patients accounts they dealt with and it reduced the amount of accountability among the staff. These are some of the key challenges that the Sutter system were meant to address. The solutions that were employed by Sutter Health was an attempt to overcome the challenges stated above. Sutter Health implemented certain changes in the fore mentioned system that would make their operation more efficient. The strategies identified by the Sutter program entailed transferring most of the back end tasking to the front desk; providing accurate and complete information to managers and upfront staff; providing more effective performance evaluation and integrating all data elements within the system (Souza, McCarty, 2007). Allowing front desk staff to handle much of the payment process was deemed to have an effect on the efficiency of the process. Various solutions were employed to ensure that this is achieved. One of these solutions entailed using benchmarks to measure performance by the Patient Service Staff (PFS). Sutter identified a handful of primary benchmarks which included; Unbilled A/R days, Gross A/R days, Major A/R days, Cash Collection,percentage of A/R over 90, 180, 360 days (Souza, McCarty, 2007). This benchmark introduced shorter periods with which staff performances could be evaluated. This move was timely especially when onsidering that the industry has changed and things happen in terms of hours and days but not months. Another solution involved empowering the PFS members to have full responsibility over the accounts they are dealing with. This move was meant to increase a sense of responsibility and accountability as each individual members will be responsible for his or her own account (Souza, McCarty, 2007). This also gave the PFS members more autonomy to act as they saw fit and this improved the speed and efficient of service delivery by these staff members. The program also provided the PFS members with tools, that enabled them to automate their accounts, sort out their accounting using various means and seen their performances based on the achievement of the target. PFS and other accountant representatives were presented with individual dashboards that helped in the tracking of their progress in meeting targets. This also helped in enforcing the benchmarks set by this program. Sutter’s health program also introduced a front end collecting system as means of overcoming the mentioned problems. The pint of access collecting system introduced an opportunity for the health care facilities to reduce claims and denials. Though this system the patient records are analyzed before the patient leaves the registration desk. This enables the front desk staff to identify problems such as bad debt, patient or invalid patient type early enough and take the necessary corrective action. The Sutter health program also embarked on a comprehensive training program that was designed to support the existing PFS members and the registration staff. This gave staff the necessary competence to deal with the tools provided by this system. The training program also eliminated the need to hire formally educated staff to operate the system that would and more than the $10-$20 an hour paid to current registration and PFS staff. For example, registration staff who were not used to asking patients for money were trained in effective communication skills. The training was also designed to introduce autonomy and effectiveness which acted as a motivator to the employee.

Schlieffens Plan :: essays research papers

In 1904 France and Britain signed the Entente Cordiale. The reason for this alliance was to get a few countries grouped together against the perceived threat of Germany’s powerful army. Talk also began to add Russia to this alliance bringing all three, France, Britain and Russia together. As a result of these alliances the German military began to fear the possibility of being attacked from both sides all at once from France, Britain and Russia. Germany gave Alfred von Schlieffen, the German Army Chief of Staff, the responsibility for coming up with a plan to defeat the allies. This plan was called the Schlieffen Plan. The Plan involved hitting France hard, with 90 percent of the total German army. The remaining 10 percent of the army would stay back and defend again any Russian advances on Germany. Schlieffen thought that taking out France was the key to winning the war as quickly as possible. He thought that if France was defeated then Britain and Russia would not want to continue the fighting. Schlieffen estimated that it would take at least six weeks for Russia to organize there large army for an attack on Germany. This meant that it was very important that Germany was able to invade and defeat France before then. In August 1914 the Schlieffen Plan was put into effect and the German Army invaded Luxembourg and Belgium. Germany thought they would have no problem taking out the two cities but were unexpectedly held up by the Belgium army. While being held up there they were again surprised as to how quickly the Russian army was able to advance into East Prussia. Soon after which the British force also reached France and Belgium to fight against the Germans. The French and British fell back to the other side of the River Seine and regrouped. After which, another French moved in and attacked the Germans at full force and managed to cut a huge hole in the German army splitting them into two groups. The French then entered the gap between the German forces trying to keep them divided. The Germans came very close to defeating the French army until the French brought in reserve troops to reinforce the front line. The Germans could not break through the French and were soon after ordered by the German Chief of Staff to stop and retreat from the French.

Leadership Style and Its Impact on Employees

FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MBA PROGRAM THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK BY AFNAN MOHAMMAD AMER ADVISOR DR. SHARIF ABUKARSH This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA), College of Graduate Studies, Hebron University. 2009 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my appreciation to those who provided valuable advice and assistance during preparation of this thesis My appreciation to my Advisor Dr. Sharif Abukarsh for his guidance and support. And my appreciation to all the Bank anagers who allowed me to conduct the research in their branches My appreciation to every one helped me to make this piece of work completed.3 DECLARATION No portion of the work referred in this study has application qualification for to been submitted another this or as degree any or other university or institute of learning. 4 an DEDICATION This piece of w ork is dedicated to all my family members, especially to the great father I have, to my precious mother, my best friend Akram, and my lovely kids; zaid, Sanad, Manar and mohammad, for their patience and supporting. To them and to everyone who participated, helped, and encouraged me o complete this work, I dedicate this thesis 5ABSTRACT THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK Job satisfaction is one of the most important human resource-related outcomes, Further; organizations that have more satisfied employees are likely to be more productive and profitable. Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. This study recognizes the types of the existing Bank managers' leadership style in southern part of West Bank and its impact on employees' job satisfaction from the view oint of its employees. All the employees of (20) Bank branches in the southern par t of West Bank which are (390) employees, were the target population of the research. The researcher developed one questionnaire used as a primary source consists of of three collecting main data, parts: the this first questionnaire part contained questions about the employees demographic variables, the second part is about the indicators of the current leadership styles of the Bank managers in the southern part of West Bank and the third part is a bout the job satisfaction of the Bank employees. One hundred distributed employees in to twenty a the three tratified Banks of questionnaires systematic southern 6 part have sample of of West been the Bank. Eighty nine questionnaires were returned which make the respondents rate (72. 4%). The results of the research highlighted a strong positive relationship between democratic leadership style and employees' job satisfaction, a slightly weak positive relationship employees' between job autocratic satisfaction and leadership a strong style and negative relationship between the laissez fair leadership style and employees' job satisfaction.7 CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1. 1 Introduction Job human satisfaction is resource-related ften-studied topic the one outcomes, in of the and most important perhaps management and the most industrial psychology. Further, organizations that have more satisfied employees are likely to be more productive and profitable. Job satisfaction, characteristics likely such result as customer low together and in with environmental other turnover satisfaction, other characteristics, organizationally reduced positive valued absenteeism and organizational job satisfaction, job will outcomes productivity, effectiveness. (kim 2004) Among determinants of leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will a chieve the goals of the organization (Rad and Yarmohammadian, 2004).By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests 8 and reliability of employees in different situations (Mosadeghrad, 2003). And because of the historical development of the Banking ector in Palestine which was, initially, marked by weakness and deformity in its structure and activities due to the political circumstances that Palestine went through. Apparently, there was an immense need for building a strong Banking system able to meet the economical and financial requirements of Palestine. And this strong Banking system mainly depends on the human force that like any business must be satisfied previously in mentioned, the work employee's place. job And as it was satisfaction is affected mostly by the managers' leadership style. (Parker, 2003) 1. 2 The Paradigm of the Study Independent variables Dependent variableManagers' Leadership style Job satisfaction Autocratic style Democratic style Laissez-fair style Employees' demographic variables †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Sex Academic qualification Salary Hierarchy level Moderator variables 9 F igure 1. 1: Conceptual framework There is one independent variable: managers' leadership style, which will affect the dependent variable: employees' job satisfaction. There are three leadership style indicators (autocratic, democratic, laissez fair), In addition, there are four moderator variables: employees' sex, their academic qualification, salary, and hierarchy level, that will affect the strength of the relation etween the dependent and independent variables. (Kenny, 1986) 1. 6 Objectives of the Study This study aims to accomplish the following objectives: 1. To explore the leadership styles of Bank mangers in s outhern part of West Bank. 2. To identify the best style achieving of high level job satisfaction that to be recommended and followed. 3. To explore the impact of sex, academic qualification, salary, hierarchy level, in determining the job satisfaction of the south West Bank employees. 4. To explore the level of job satisfaction of employees in south West Bank Banks. 1.3 Statement of the Problem Most of the time the success or failure f any business in general and Banking in particular is determined by the efforts and by the hard work done by its human workforce. And since one of the important factors influencing the employees activities and job satisfaction is the leadership style of their managers, a study of the 10 leadership style of the Bank managers and its relation with the employees satisfaction is essential for these managers to identify their styles and its impact on their employees performance, which will directly affect the Banking performance, with all its implications on the Palestinian economy. In order to accomplish the main objective of this study, nswers to the following specific sub-problems are sought: 1. What are the primary leadership styles of the Bank managers from the view point of its employees in southern part of West Bank? 2. What are the most remarkable characteristics of these styles from the view point of the employees? 3. What is the employees' job satisfaction level in southern part of West Bank? 4. What are the most remarkable characteristics of the employees' job satisfaction in southern part of West Bank?5. Is there a clear relationship between Bank managers' leadership style and the employees' job satisfaction in southern part of West Bank? . Is there a particular sub items in managers' leadership style or styles that result in the highest job satisfaction for the employees in southern part of West Bank? 1. 4 Null Hypothesis Based on the problem statement mentioned above, the research hypotheses for this study are as follow s: 11 1. There is no significant relationship between the leadership style of the Bank managers and the job satisfaction of its employees in southern part of West Bank. 2. There is no significant difference in the level of job satisfaction demographic of Bank employees variables (sex, in relation academic to the qualification, alary, hierarchy level). 1. 5 Significance of the Study Job satisfaction is an essential aspect of the human resource- related outcomes. And because of its significance in an organization, job satisfaction is perhaps the most often-studied topic in management and in industrial psychology (Kim 2004). And since job satisfaction is highly affected by managers' leadership style.The significance of this study is underlined as this study is the first in Palestine according to the knowledge of the researcher done in the Banking sector The importance development of of this Banking study sector, lies and in its studying mpact on the factors that may improve or hinder e mployees' job satisfaction. On the customers level, the more employees satisfaction, means the insurance of a better service, from one hand, and on the other hand , the well being of the Banking employees will have its clear effect on the Banking sector success,12 which the customer will directly feel; as a success in major economy key player. The results of this research will highlight the effect of management style on the job satisfaction, which will be an additional contribution to the national literature that will help in a better planning for future developmental lans of the Banking sector in Palestine. 1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the Study The time scope: the time of the research from January, 2008 to March, 2009. The place scope: The research will be composed of all the Palestinian Banks in the southern part of West Bank (Hebron, Bethlehem, Betjalah). Human scope: all the employees of the Palestinian Banks in the southern part of West Bank will be the population of the resea rch. Limitations of the study: 1. Some of the subordinates did not have time to fill the questionnaire in due time, and because of that it took the researcher more than planned to collect the data. 2.Some of the branch managers were reluctant or refused to cooperate, due to the contradiction of the excepted results of the study with their interests. 13 Banks framework table 1. 1 The working Banks in Palestine according to Palestinian Monetary Authority. Bank number Bank name 1 Arabic Bank 2 Cairo Amman Bank 3 Alquds Bank for Development and Investment 4 Palestine Islamic Bank 5 Arab Islamic Bank 6 Palestine Investment Bank 7 Bank of Jordan 8 The Housing Bank for Trade and Finance 9 Jordan Ahli Bank 10 Egyptian Arab land Bank 11 Bank of Palestine PLC 12 Al Rafah Microfinance Bank 13 Commercial Bank of Palestine 4 Palestine International Bank 15 Al-Aqsa Islamic Bank16 Arab Palestinian Investment Bank 17 Jordan Commercial Bank 18 Jordan-Kuwait Bank 14 Bank number Bank name 19 Union Ban k for Savings 20 HSBC Bank Middle East Limited 21 Principal Bank of Development and Agricultural Source(Palestinian Monetary Authority web site (http://www. pmapalestine. org) 15 1. 8 Definition of Terms Bank: a commercial institution that keeps money in accounts for individuals or organizations, makes loans, exchanges currencies, provides credit to businesses, and offers other financial services. (Macesich, 2000) Bank manager: manager of branch office of a Bank. (Macesich, 2000, p. 80) Leadership: ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen (Kouzes and Posner 2007) Autocratic leadership style: A leadership style where the leader solves the himself/herself problem using the or makes information the decision available at by the time.(Richard and Robert, 2009) Democratic leadership characterized by group style: a style participation in of leadership decision-making where the leader shares the problem with the relevant team members as a group. (Parker, 2003) Laissez fair leadership style: It s one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. (Richard and Robert, 2009) Job satisfaction: and an attitude (Cranny, 2002) 16 towards one’s job First line supervision manager: of a An middle individual manager who and is works under the responsible for managing the daily activities of a group of workers (Abas, 2003) Southern Part of West Bank: Bethlehem, Betjala and Hebron 17 CHAPTER Two REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDSTUDIES This chapter international studies includes about literature, the topic of local the and research, which is collected by reviewing different books and studies from different university libraries. The chapter has two parts; the first is about literature of leadership style and job satisfaction, whereas the second is about international and local studies related to the topic of the research. 2. 1 Literature Review of the Leadership Style In this part, the literature and theoretical framework about the leadership style is provided. 2. 1. 1 Leadership Concept In a competitive and quickly changing business nvironment, the effective leadership becomes one of the most critical needs and requirements (Pierce and Newstrom, 1995). Leaders need to hold visions, values, assumptions and paradigms that are oriented, empowered in agreement workforce successful. (Kotter, 1990) 18 in with having order to a team- be most Many researchers have defined leadership (Specrtum, 1999) defined leadership as the ability to influence others to achieve a specific goals and objects. Another definition influencing a of leadership is of persons achieve group to the process the of required goals of an organization. (Shachleton, 1995) There are some asic elements shape the concept of leadership, which are: 1. The ex istence of a group of people working in a certain organization. 2. The existence of a leader from the group who got the ability to influence their actions. 3. The existence of a specific object to obtain. (Kan'an, 2002) The ends of leadership involve getting results through others and the means of leadership involve the ability to build goal-oriented teams. (Richard and Robert, 2009) Finally the researcher defines the leadership as the ability to influence a group of people or a community to achieve specific goals. 2. 1. 2. Sources of Leadership Strength Where does the leader's power come from?Do leaders have it? Or do followers give it them? As we shall see the answer may be both†. (Richard and Robert, 2009, p. 138) 19 The sources of leadership that gives the power and authority to a leader are 🙠 Parker, 2003) †¢ Expert power: Is the power of knowledge, some people are able to influence others through their relative expertise in particular area. †¢ Referent power: refers to the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the follower. †¢ Legitimate power: is based on the official authority that a person got in the organizational structure Reward power: involves the potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources like the power to give raises or promotions. †¢ Coercive power: the opposite or reward power, is based on expectations of punishment for not doing the expected duties and work. 2. 1. 3 Types of Leadership Leadership style is an approach of giving direction, motivating people and implementing plans. As there are many leaders, there are different leadership styles. A good leader uses the right leadership style according to the situation.There are three types of leadership styles that vary in terms of decision making (Nathant, 2007) . Autocratic style 20 2. Democratic style 3. Laissez-fair style 1. Autocratic Leadership The autocratic style is chara cterized by maximum control by the leader on the group members (Bernhard & Walsh, 1990) This leadership style is based on the notion that enlisting people in decision making processes encumbers the efficient running of a business. (Zowelif, 1996) Autocratic leadership goes beyond decision making; it involves attempts to dominate or force values and opinions on followers. The predominant use of economic values should relate to autocratic leadership. Because they are supported in their decisions by the strong logic of efficiency’ these executives have confidence in their own decisions and feel less need to involve subordinates in the decision-making process. Subordinates may perceive these leaders as dominating and likely to force their values and opinions on others, tell others what to do, and make decisions in an overbearing way (Nathant, 2007). Autocratic leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. (Berson and Linton, 2005) This leadership style surly has some major drawbacks, which are: 21 1.Increased workload for the manager: By taking on as much responsibility and involvement as possible, an autocratic leader naturally works at their full capacity, which can lead to long term stress and health problems and could damage working relationships with colleagues. 2. People dislike being ordered around, they also dislike being shown very little trust and faith. 3. Teams become dependent upon their leader: After becoming conditioned to receive orders and act upon them perfectly, workers lose initiative and the confidence to make decisions on their own. This results in teams of workers who become useless at running operations if hey loose contact with their leader. (Rad, 2004) In summary, an autocratic leader retains full authority, responsibility, and is concerned primarily with task and goal accomplishment and he/she uses one way communicati on pattern with the group. A leader using this style displays little trust and confidence in employees who generally fear their leader. 2. Democratic Leadership Democratic promotes the Leadership sharing of is the leadership responsibility, the style that exercise of delegation and continual consultation. The democratic leader acts as a part of the team, he/she receives the employees thought and suggestions with respect