Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Law - Essay Example This should be possible through the name and address accreditation of the operator who is inhabitant in the state. The organization can likewise affirm the name, address of the operator in the state, and obtain an affirmation of agreeable remaining from the concerned state or area where the business s set up. The benefit of utilizing a branch is that there are no legitimate customs related with setting up a business and the main prerequisite is the capabilities to carry on business. A burden of this methodology is that, if there should be an occurrence of liabilities by the exercises of the branch office, the introduction of the benefits of the parent organization to such liabilities isn't avoidable. A remote organization can likewise utilize an auxiliary in the U.S to carry on its business and carry on its activities. The auxiliary must be sorted out through the applicable enactment of the express the auxiliary works in. The significant bit of leeway of working through an auxiliary is that, in the event of an obligation, just the advantages of the auxiliary are in danger and not the parent remote organization resources. The other preferred position of an auxiliary is that the arrangement of an auxiliary in the U.S empowers the explanation of the segment of pay exposed to either outside or U.s tax collection. The utilization of an auxiliary additionally constrains the risk of the investors, executives and officials of the enterprise as far as obligation as far as the obligations of the organization. It is more helpful to utilize an auxiliary than to open a part of the organization as most advantages and favorable circumstances lie in the utilization of an auxiliary. The utilizing of the new government forced expense on branch benefits brings to an equivalent level the branches measure of assessment and that of the auxiliaries. The tax assessment works in constraining the upside of branch charge risk when contrasted with auxiliaries. Association with a neighborh ood firm The other type of section of the organization into the U.S advertise is by going into an organization with a U.S based organization. This is where there is a thought of a joint endeavor in a circumstance. For this situation, the outside organization goes into a relationship with an organization previously situated in the U.S where they share assets. The passage into an association done by the remote organization by contributing capital with the US based organization to a recently framed partnership so as to get an auxiliary. The other type of association is the place the outside organization can go into a general association with the U.S put together organization and convey with respect to business in like manner. The association is dependent upon different lawful and tax assessment runs according to the significant state rules. Strategy of framing a substance The development and the running of a business undertaking in the United States require consistence of various diffe rent enlistment measures. The fundamental prerequisite is that the organization must agree to the guidelines of the enrollment and directing specialists. Work issues Foreign organizations and their auxiliaries working together in the U.S ought to consent to the business and work laws of the United States. In certain circumstances, the remote parent organizations become obligated for oversights or activities of the auxiliary organizations working in the United States. The work laws in the United States are progressively extensive and represent some detail in activity particularly if an outside boss doesn't comprehend the laws. The threats related with rebelliousness of these laws incorporate

Report of Antigone Essay Example

Report of Antigone Paper Being the third, yet first composed, of Sophocles Theban shocking legends, Antigone was written in or around 441 B. C. The setting of Antigone happens in the royal residence of Thebes. Thebes is governed by Creon, whose sister, Jocasta, was the spouse and mother of scandalous Oedipus Rex. Oedipus was King of Thebes until he removed himself from the realm, leaving his kids Polynices, Ismene, Eteocles, and Antigone, alongside the seat, in Creons care. The two siblings Polynices and Eteocles kick the bucket as restricting warriors in a war for the seat. Creon announces that since Polynices achieved he war, he won't have the fair and customary internment that his sibling has been allowed. Or maybe, his body and remains will be left for the vultures and wild canines to destroy. Resisting Creons rules, Antigone willingly volunteers to give her sibling an appropriate entombment. Antigone communicates her longing to Ismene, who decays Antigones demand in help; she completes the decent service without anyone else. Back at the royal residence in Thebes, Creon is informed by a watchman that Polynices body has been covered. Creon requests that the offender be brought to him and rebuffed. We will compose a custom paper test on Report of Antigone explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Report of Antigone explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Report of Antigone explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Not very long after Creons request, Antigone is carried to the royal residence with the watchman, having been discovered sobbing at Polynices grave. Antigone gladly assumes liability in having completed her siblings internment. Antigone is to be rebuffed for her wrongdoing. Haemon, Creons child and Antigones fianc?â ©, attempts to convince Creon into rethinking Antigones destiny. Rather Haemon winds up infuriating Creon and losing his trust; Antigone will in any case be rebuffed. Haemon pledges that he will never observe his dad again. After Antigone is lead away to be detained in a cavern, a visually impaired and insightful prophet named Teiresias visits Creon and cautions him of his conceivable destiny. In light of his unjustness, Creon will lose one youngster for leaving Polynices body unburied, and for wrongly detaining Antigone. This prediction happens when Haemon ends it all in the wake of discovering Antigone hanging by a noose in the cavern. Alongside this, Creons spouse likewise executes herself. Relating to the postulation, or subject, of this story, I feel that the importance is Justice. Antigone won't obey Creons law, even while knowing the results. She stood firm and made amends for her activities since they were what she had faith in. Despite the fact that its doubtful on the off chance that she wasn't right or not, she acknowledged the outcomes in full. While being trialed by Creon, Antigone expresses this: And what law of paradise have I violated? Why, hapless one, would it be a good idea for me to look to the divine beings any more, what partner would it be advisable for me to summon, when by feel sorry for I have earned the name of irreverent? Nay, at that point, if these things are satisfying to the divine beings, when I have endured my fate, I will come to know my wrongdoing; however on the off chance that the transgression is with my Judges, I could wish them no more full proportion of malice than they, on their part, made unjustly to me. From this I deciphered that she had seen no wrong in her doings. Creons law isnt what she accepted to be that of the upright divine beings and that their Judgment is the thing that atters most. Since the start of the book, it was addressed whether Creons announcement the realm for the seat, yet something else to consider is whether everybody, including Polynices, is qualified for be appropriately dealt with in the afterlife. Yet, I appreciate great expectation that my coming will be welcome to my dad, and charming to thee, my mom, and welcome, sibling, to thee; for, when ye kicked the bucket, with mine own hands I washed and dressed you, and arranged beverage contributions at your graves; and now, Polynices, tis for tending thy body that I win such reward as this. Not exclusively were Antigones disobedience in covering her sibling inconceivable, however so was the way that she was a revolting lady. Ladies were relied upon to obey and have practically zero rights. To be so defiant and free willed may have been threatening to Creon and his situation in power. Comparative demonstrations of defiance and bold ladies can be found ever. Ladies, for example, Susan B. Anthony, who bolstered the appropriate for ladies to cast a ballot, have comparable ascribes to Antigone. Susan accepted that all ladies were equivalent to men, and she knew the Justice in that being valid. Alongside Susan B. Anthony is a lady named Rosa Parks, who saw that it was uncalled for African Americans to be unlawfully required to sit at the rear of the transport, while white-cleaned individuals were most certainly not. Rosa tended to this issue by sitting at the front of the transport and declining to move when inquired. All through the entire story, Antigone is enthusiastic about doing what is Just. At long last, when Antigone has acknowledged her destiny, she announces: It appears to be reasonable for me to bite the dust doing it should please those beneath a more extended time than individuals here, for there I will lie there always Bibliography Antigone; Sophocles-Prestwick House, Inc. ; 2005 release (December 1 , 2005) Page 40

I Paid My Enrollment Deposit, Now What COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

I Paid My Enrollment Deposit, Now What COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you were admitted and paid your enrollment deposit you are probably wondering what happens next.   First let me say that if you did pay your deposit, we are thrilled to have you join the SIPA class of 2011.   Second, let me say that your number one source of information at this time should still be the Welcome Page referenced in your admissions letter. Have a housing question?   The contact email is there.   Question about a Visa application?   The contact email is there.   Question about when the summer math tutorial begins?   You guessed it referenced on the Welcome Page. From this point on the Admissions Office does start to pass the baton on so to speak to the Office of Student Affairs (OSA). OSA will begin to send a series of emails in May that deal with a variety of topics releted to your enrollment.   OSA will be a large part of your life at SIPA because they run the class registration process, second year fellowship application process, and act as the student point of contact for a variety of other academic issues. This does not mean that you cannot continue to email the Admissions Office with questions, we welcome you to and you probably should because you may have not yet met those who work in OSA.   Just do not be surprised if we start to pass you on to those who work OSA and you start to see names like Ubrano, Caroline, Stefan, Mona, Cassandra, Allejandro, and Alleyne.

Literary Analysis Of August Strindberg s Play Miss Julie

To set up the tone, content, and structure of this sociological analysis of August Strindberg’s play Miss Julie, the following two quotes will be compared and contrasted. One from German economist, philosopher, and promenade socialist, Karl Marx and another from author, actor, and theatrical theorist, Jeremy Rockwood. The first quote comes to us from Marx s Manifesto of the Communist Party, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,† (Lermert 43). The second from Rockwood’s book The Craftsmen of Dionysus: An Approach to Acting, â€Å"An exact duplication of real life is not the purpose of the theatre—nor of any art. In order to present his special insight, the artist selects, heightens, distorts.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦No, thank you! Then I have something better myself.† Following this he pulls out a bottle of wine referring to it as â€Å"pure.† He will only indulge in the rituals the class he strives to be apart of does as a symbolic way of removing himself from his won social standings (Strindberg 3). Marx’s quote is commenting on the class conflict he observed across world cultures. He attributed social stratification, where oppressors put constant pressure on their oppressed, as the source of conflict. Stratification is present in all social structures on various gradations and exists on both the large and small sides of the scale. Within the general overarching classifications, gradation continues to narrow the social position of people further. Example, in parts of Europe during the middle ages the system in place was the Feudal System, the king had the most power and agency, while the peasants had the least, in-between were nobles and knights. Inside of each of these groups existed further classifications, within the â€Å"peasants† category there existed merchants, farmers, craftsmen, serfs, etc.. These smaller titles all held a different l evels of respect, power, and agency. Rockwood was commenting on the intent of naturalism and realism in the theatre. The most effective purpose, he proposes, is that they are meant to resemble but heighten real life, never actually replicating it. The job of an artist is to take their observations

The Digital Transformation Of Communication, Information...

New Media is the digital transformation of communication, information and entertainment media, including music (Giddings, 2). The way music is produced, distributed and consumed or listened to has developed due to new media, digital technologies.This essay will examine in depth the streaming service, Spotify through breaking down the various, both positive and negative effects that it has on the music industry. Overall, this essay will discuss the idea that however convenient streaming on Spotify may be for it’s users it inevitably has a number of issues. The reason for these issues all concern finding a balance between distribution/access, and ownership/control of music files as well as public and private rights and interests (Katz, 300). The key cause of these issues is money; copyright, licensing costs, artist’s not getting paid enough, ownership and the competitive marketplace all contribute to the ambivalent effects of using streaming services. Mark Katz discussion surrounding file-sharing extends to Spotify; one key point Katz makes is that two broad types of change are likely to occur: legal and economic. The future of listening to music and the music industry thus depends on how these things will play out (Katz, 300). The structure of this essay is in four parts, addressing these legal and economic issues. Part one will address briefly the history, and way in which Spotify fits into the ‘digital revolution’ and its key positive attributes. Part two will look atShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Digital Media On The Cinema Industry1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet and new media has changed the way people live, work and entertain. Long–time forms of entertainment, such as music, games or movies have been changed accordingly. Within the entertainment industry, the cinema sector is experiencing dramatic transformations. Consumers are now provided with a wide range of ways to access their products. Trad itional practices of enjoying movies, especially going to the cinema, are said to be diminished by the use of digital media. From this, there areRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On The Music Industry1276 Words   |  6 Pagesother entertainment sectors, was headed for impending doom and catastrophic losses in sales. To some degree, and for the first few years, these predictions seemed to become a reality as record sales fell drastically at least partially due to piracy. However, as technological change continues at a rate never before seen, the impact of the Internet has been expanded well beyond illegal downloading to include fundamentally different ways of distributing, promoting and marketing music. Digital CapabilitiesRead MoreThe Internet And New Media1504 Words   |  7 PagesIn the new millennium, the communication channels have advanced at an amazing rate, making it possible for two people separated by thousands of kilometers to get in contact and socialize as if they were face to face. These possibilities of human interconnection have transformed the internet, as Bill Gates well says, into the meeting place of world population. The outer shell of the internet and all of its services encouraged over time the materialization of many computer programs, with featuresRead MoreHow Media Has Changed The Modern Landscape Of Communications And Media1901 Words   |  8 Pages modern mass media platforms have changed the way the audience receives information. It is established that over the last few decades, there has been a significant difference between traditional means of mass media such as print and mails and the modern mass media communication channels. With the introduction of the Internet, a variety of media companies have improved means of producing and transmitting news using various platforms. As a result, convergence has occurred in the media space as communicationRead MoreMass Medi The Spread Of Digital Media Communication1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mass media likely to survive the spread of digital media communication? The purpose of this essay is to explore if mass media is likely to survive the spread of digital media communication. Firstly, this essay discusses the definition of mass media, as well as when and where it originated in order to gain a better background understanding. It then goes on to discuss the growing popularity of digital media and how mass media communication still prevails despite the new digital media. In the conclusionRead MoreBuzzfeed : The Future Of News1076 Words   |  5 PagesWith this, the content produced by BuzzFeed news shifted from an entertainment-oriented online content aggregator to an original news content generator. Journalists see hard news as reporting that consists of newsworthy facts of events that are potentially open to analysis and interpretation, while soft news items are equal to human-interest stories. Soft news is generally considered to include â€Å"interesting† stories, that are entertainment-oriented, and of human interest. The increas e of hard news storiesRead MoreThe Emergence Of The Internet And Social Media1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe emergence of the Internet and social media has had a tremendous impact on the theory and practice of advertising, public relations and marketing disciplines. Advertising spending on the Internet has outpaced all other traditional media (Center for Media Research, 2004). In the last two years, the number of social networking tools and the number of people using those tools have exploded, thus the rules are constantly changing and there is considerable uncertainty on how to employ these tools fromRead MoreCause/Effect How Technology Influences Personal Relationships1095 Words   |  5 Pagesjust met on Facebook. A group of kids get in a fatal car accident because the driver was texting. All of these people are real life examples of the negative impacts of digital technology on society. Technology has been evolving for hundreds of years. As it has become more advanced, the more it has taken a hold of the community. Digital technology is universal and there is no way to avoid it, but people need to start using it more responsibly. Everything gets taken for granted now that there are so manyRead MoreThe Global Media Manager For Adidas International Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThe global media manager for Adidas International is responsible for developing and campaigning a new marketing strategy at Adidas called brand in the hand that is based on the merging of cell phones and wireless internet. Presents company background information, data on the penetration of mobile de vices such as cell phones, the growth of global mobile marketing practices, and several mobile marketing communications campaigns that Adidas launched in 2004, such as a mobile news ticker for the 2004Read MoreAdidas International Global Media Manager Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Brand in the hand† is a new marketing strategy developed by Adidas International global media manager. This new campaign is based on the merging of cell phones and wireless internet. This campaign presents company background information, data on the penetration of mobile devices such as cell phones, the growth of global mobile marketing practices, and several mobile marketing communications campaigns that Adidas launched in 2004, such as a mobile news ticker for the 2004 European soccer championship

The Day Of The Plantation - 2276 Words

Back at the plantation, the Parish family became really worried as they would not have seen or hear a trace of her in nearly two days now. Joseph had thought that Augustine would just go off to blow a little steam, but would return home later. As much as he thought that would happen, his thoughts were wrong. He along with the rest of the Parish family all would meet up outside the house in front of the field where Augustine was last seen. Joseph along with Seth and Daniel was the one who had called for everyone to come to the field. To discuss what needed to be done to ensure Augustine returned home. Joseph would be the first to speak among the three of them. Now we all know that a couple of days ago things around here were turned inside†¦show more content†¦Joseph would then think to himself before continuing with his blueprint for Augustine s recovery. Things just only a few days ago were so wonderful, and without any anger, or sadness, but just like that thing turned for the worst, Joseph thought to himself. This must be God s way of testing my faith, said Joseph to himself still going over in his mind about the current situation, and horrible it is. Joseph would then get himself back together and continue where he left off. Like I said, during the course of a few days, we have welcomed back a part of this family, and in the process, we have also lost a part of our family, Joseph said as everyone s eyes, as well as attention, were fixed on him. I have prayed continuously for Augustine s safety, and for the Lord to show her a path right back home, where all are of course worried now that something has happened, said Joseph as his voice would begin to rise. God is indeed testing all of us, to see how strong our faith really is, and it is our job not to fail him. Joseph continued. Seth would next back up what his father had said, and afterward, say, It is my fault that she is not here with us now. I understand that. Seth would subsequently pause for a brief moment and after that think to himself that it really was is a fault and that if he had just stayed away maybe this would have not happened. However, in his heart, Seth knew he was doing the right thing, and what he was about to say was

The message of an inspector calls Essay Example For Students

The message of an inspector calls Essay The play An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley, is a text that explores many social and moral messages which all become more evident as the play progresses and the plot advances. The play was written in 1947, this was just after the Second World War, but it was set in 1912. 1912 is only two years before the outbreak of the First World War; it was also a time when there was a particular divide between the simple social classes of poor and rich. This is something that Priestley mainly disagreed with; he disliked the divide between people who are all of the same species, people who should all be looking out for each other because we are all one. Priestleys aim in most of his plays was to educate the audience through the characters. Priestley was known to put across his thoughts and views in his plays as theatre is something all can relate to, An Inspector Calls is one of those plays. In addition, all of the different messages are conveyed subtly in many different ways to make his views and ideas more effectual towards the audience more hard-hitting. The more obvious messages and perhaps the most important messages arent hidden in the play; they are in fact said and shown by the mysterious Inspector Goole. Inspector Goole is the key character that gets the most noticeable and significant message across to the audience as clearly as possible. The Inspector is perhaps the most effective dramatic device used in the play, his authoritative nature and his ability to say what he wants, how he wants gives him the attributes to do this. The central message of the play is perhaps the message that Priestley wanted to hit us hardest, as it refers to each person as an individual yet it also refers to all of us as one. The main point of An Inspector Calls is that everyone is responsible for everyone else, that every decision we make has a consequence that will affect someone else so we must think very carefully about everything we do. As this is perhaps the central message of the play, it is conveyed by Inspector Goole himself very noticeably as he spends the entire duration of his time visiting the Birlings trying to prove this. This could be the only message that Inspector has actually come to tell the Birling Family, all the other ones are messages that are discovered within the family themselves. This message is conveyed in many diverse ways. The first way is actually telling the family straight out. But remember this. Eva Smith has gone- but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with there lives all intertwined with our lives We are members of one body. The Inspector gives this speech once he has finished his investigation. After this hard-hitting speech is given, the Inspector leaves without any hesitation or showing any signs of weakness. The Inspector doesnt give the family the time to argue or try and justify themselves against this message. This speech is almost a monologue and is basically the climax of all the things he is trying to get across. This really emphasizes the idea that this moral message will not change with time and applies to all. The Birling family were written so that they cover all different types of people. They are in the middle class, also there are five people who represent society not in class but in type of person. Mr Birling, the old business man, Mrs. Birling, the housewife, Sheila, the young girly girl who is about to be married, Eric, the drunk, the young man with charm and Gerald, the rich businessman. These kind of characters can relate to all walks of life that would perhaps enter the theatre as theatre in those days was viewed by the people who had the time and the money, people like the Birling family. This makes this message effective because the audience can put themselves into whoevers life they feel fits in the play. It also makes the message more effective because it shows that the moral message cannot escape any kind of person. Another message is joint with this message. This is that no deed, good or bad, goes unpunished or unrewarded. This is perhaps the most important message; joint with everyone is responsible for each other. The main way Priestley delivers this message is from the plot of the play itself. The play shows that everything you do has a consequence that has to be paid by someone, in the case of the play, Eva Smith. Another way, Priestly conveys the same message above is by repeating his message in different ways. Very awkward here the Inspector is referring to Mr. Birling, Mr. Birling has just said that if everybody was responsible for everyone they had anything to do with that it would be awkward. Without Mr. Birling realising he has said the thing that the Inspector wanted him to say so by saying very awkward, it shows his sarcasm towards. This is effective because he has got Mr. Birling to identify the main moral message without Mr. Birling agreeing to it or believing it. He also refers to his central message Often if it was me I wouldnt know where to draw the line. Here he is once again highlighting his central as he is calling criminals and non-criminals one. He is saying there is no difference as they are all one. As well, as repetition the play as a performance could have portrayed this in an effectual way. The set-out of the play could have added to tension therefore making the play more effective and once again underlining the fact that no-one can escape for this cold, solid message. When the Inspector enters Mr. Birling leaves the table and sits by the fireplace. The fire is roaring from the start and as the Inspector enters the fire should dim bit by surrounding the fireplace should be three armchairs and a sofa should be positioned in a circle like position and the Inspectors chair should be facing the other three chairs in such away that no-one can escape anyone elses gaze, making it very effective. A further message that perhaps comes from An Inspector Calls is the simple message of taking the blame for what you have done and being repentant about it. This is expressed through the young ones of the play. Priestly uses the youth to convey quite an adult-like quality of responsibility as only Sheila and Eric take full responsibility for what theyve done. now I feel a lot worse Sheila is the only person when told who feels truly sorry. It seems as if shes very open with her emotions and being young means she has less of a barrier around her feelings. During the play Eric and Sheila seem to be allies with the Inspector. Eric continually uses the Inspector as an excuse to defy everything his father says. Why shouldnt they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices. Oliver Twist and Therese Raquin EssayAdditionally Gerald is at the right hand of Mr. Birling, this symbolises him wanting to be the right hand of his business. Suggesting that Geralds in fact marrying into the family business instead of marrying Sheila. Wouldnt dream of it. In fact, I insist upon being one of the family now. Ive been trying long enough, havent I? Havent I? You know I have. Here would be a great place to show that he is in fact asking this question to prove not to Sheila but more to Mr. Birling. At this point you can imagine him looking at Mr. Birling as he is answering the question Sheila hasnt answered. All of the simple positioning of the characters symbolize many different things and portray the relationships between the characters in the play very well. This is effective because it forces the audience to read into it, you cant see the real cracks in their family unto you read into the positioning and performance thoroughly. Up to now, all of the messages mentioned before have been conveyed by the Birling family and the understanding of the audience but one extremely important way Priestley shows his messages effectively is through Inspector Goole. Inspector Goole is the most unexplained character in the whole play. He seems to be omnipresent and seems to be all knowing. He enters the Birling household knowing exactly what he needs to know. The Inspector seems to be there to show the Birlings about collective responsibility and consequences of their actions. As soon as the Inspector enters, there is an instant atmosphere. He is there to create an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness showing his power. It shows his authority over the play. J. B. Priestly uses him as a voice of morality and conscience. Furthermore he is the route delivering moral to the audience and the family. We are members of one body are responsible for each other. This is Priestley delivering the central message using Inspector Goole. He stresses we are all human, no one isnt human except God therefore we are all equal. The Inspectors entrance is straight after Birling has made his speech about looking out for oneself. This contrasts with his message that the Inspector is trying to deliver, the message that we are all one body. The inspector portrays the third message spoken about by defying the so-called social importance of the Birling family. Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling are used to being spoken with the highest of respect as they are upper-middle class, yet as the Inspector belittles them and they seem to let it go unspoken. This shows that the Inspector is some sort of superior being as he is beyond social class. He says it as it is and doesnt care about the class of that person or their gender. He doesnt seem to be accusing what the family has done, he is accusing the fact that the family dont learn after everything he says to them. Thats why he is a little more compassionate to Sheila and Eric, the youngest of the family, because they learn the errors of their ways. He seems to be from the future as he predicts the war Blood, anguish and fire and predicts Eva Smiths death as they are only told after he leaves that she is dead. The Inspector isnt a real Police Inspector, he seems to be there to judge and punish them on a moral level and make them change their behaviour but because they dont learn another Inspector turns up. He is waiting for the confessions of the family, he already knows the answers, he just wants to make sure that they understand the severity of what theyve done. All of the messages Priestley puts across in this play are all because of his views on society in those times. Priestley had very strong anti-capitalist views whilst writing this play. John Boynton Priestley was born in Bradford 1894. He joined the army on the outbreak of the First World War and this probably influenced him in An Inspector Calls, as war is a focal point. After being injured in the war he probably looked back and wondered why the war had to happen. As he was growing up he inherited socialism from his family and always remembered a happy childhood. The public-spirited socialism he inherited aided him in writing pieces with real meanings. He wrote mainly for the middle class audience, he always made an attempt to make sure that his work was accessible to the common people and was related to them. In the 1930s Priestley became more concerned with the social problems in Britain. The first book he reflected this in was The English Journey in 1934; this was an account of his journeys through Britain. Priestley even made a socialist Common Wealth Party in 1941, their three main principles were common ownership, vital democracy and morality in politics. They really liked the idea of public ownership of land. All of these things allowed him to write a play like An Inspector Calls, not only was J. B. Priestly an author, he was an extreme socialist and he put these messages across in An Inspector calls using a number of different methods. The methods he uses on the play as a whole is the actual timing. The play lasts as long as the time we watch it. This emphasizes the realism of it. It shows how the play really could be a snip of real life, like it isnt theatre but its real life. Priestley has also not included any intervals perhaps showing that this is real, and it is happening and there is really no escape from it. That one cant take a break from the morality of the play and that its definite. Overall, Priestley shows many moral messages in the play An Inspector calls, there isnt only one message. But it seems as if the message that he has made really obvious and that he expects everyone to go away with is everyone is responsible for each other. Priestley tries to put across his views in the play in many ways but one he wants everyone to get the message form the most is the Inspector. Only the Inspector portrays nearly every moral message and only the Inspector believes the message from the beginning of the play. Priestley is extremely talented and is truly the voice of the common people by looking out for them in his writing and out of it.

John Maxwell Essay Example

John Maxwell Paper Lexus Toombs Academy of Leadership and Excellence Book report The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership John C Maxwell 11/22/2011 John C. Maxwell is an internationally recognized leadership expert, speaker, coach, and author who has sold over 19 million books. Dr. Maxwell is the founder of EQUIP and The John Maxwell Company, organizations that have trained more than 5 million leaders worldwide. Every year he speaks to Fortune 500 companies, international government leaders, and organizations as diverse as the United States Military Academy at West Point, the National Football League, and the United Nations. The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership is one of many excellent leadership books by Maxwell. This book distills the art of leadership into 21 practical laws. The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership is easy to follow, very clear, and presents strong examples of the leadership principles explained. There are 21 laws described in this book. The following are a few that stood out to me. The Law of the Lid – Leadership Ability Determines a Person’s Level of Effectiveness ? Leadership ability is the lid that determines a person’s level of effectiveness. Your leadership ability always determines your effectiveness and the potential impact of your organization. Law of Influence– The true measure of leadership is influence, nothing more, nothing less. True leadership cannot be awarded, appointed, or assigned. It comes only from influence, and that cannot be mandated. It must be earned. Finally, The Law of Empowerment – Only Secure Leaders Give Power to Others. If you want to be successful, you have to be willing to empower others. Maxwell explains that the book is not meant to be read in one sitting, but over time. We will write a custom essay sample on John Maxwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Maxwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Maxwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, John would like readers to read one law and practice it for a month and then come back to the book re-read and evaluate ones progress. Maxwell has done a masterful job with this book and has achieved its goal to teach leadership in a practical way. The book is laden with illustrations and stories. Usually these stories and illustrations are from well-known leaders or well-known companies. In some cases the stories were personal accounts, and these were expressed in a humble manner which is rare in books written by the experts. These real life examples illuminate the various concepts that Maxwell communicates. One will become very familiar with the term fleshing it out. In reading The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership two laws stood out to me The Law of Empowerment and The Law of Priorities. Maxwell stated, â€Å"Strange as it sounds, great leaders gain authority by giving it away. † I have experienced this in my work career and in a previous ministry I was a member of. â€Å"Weak leaders worry that if they help subordinates, they themselves will become dispensable. Rather they should realize that if the teams they lead always seem to succeed, people will figure out that they are leading them well. † It’s very important to allow those you hire or volunteers to become leaders themselves. There are many that leave jobs and ministry because they are not allowed to advance. It is most important to empower your subordinates if you are a leader. Finally, â€Å"Busyness does not equal productivity. Activity is not necessarily accomplishment. Prioritizing requires leaders to continually think ahead, to know what’s important, to see how everything relates to the overall vision. This is a great statement regarding the law of priorities. One can be busy looking at Facebook or playing video games. These things are defiantly not productive yet we do these things on the job daily. I am also guilty of â€Å"busyness†, but if I prioritized I can better myself by studying my job or building relationships instead of surfing the interne t. Not to say I always do those things but it’s very important to stay on task with your vision for your life. I honestly never looked at it this way and I am currently applying this to every area in my life especially in the vision for my family. I would recommend The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership to leader and subordinates. It’s a very easy read. The short chapters make for easy, interesting reading and do not suffer from long chapters that tend to make one constantly lose concentration. The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership- the short chapters sped along the reading of the book, and easily keeps the attention of the reader (especially for those with short attention spans like myself). Lastly, the content seems to be excellent. I am no authority on leadership or leadership principles, but it was clear that these `irrefutable laws are excellent guidelines for leadership. There are a lot of lessons to be learned from the pages of this book. Many of them are common sense, yet are principles that leaders need to know and may possibly be overlooked because of their simplicity. Personally, I learned a great deal about leadership from the content of this book. The stories and examples alone provide enough conviction and clear teaching about the principles that Maxwell writes about. I honestly believe that anyone, regardless of position in their employment, can learn and make themselves better people from applying the values and philosophies of this book. Dont expect a spiritual book, however. While the laws are solidly founded on Scriptural principles, they are expressed in a non-religious manner. Finally, some of the â€Å"Laws† discussed are ideas that I have already come across at one time or another. The power this book has for me is that it will serve as a handy reference going forward. At one time or another you will need help with one or more of the â€Å"Laws†, be it Influence, Connection, Respect, or Solid Ground. Maxwell suggests that all of the Irrefutable Laws are important for a leader, but admits that it is rare for everyone to do each perfectly. This is where the Law of Inner Circle comes in. The author opines that a leaders potential is determined by those closest to him/her. Thus, if you are weak in certain areas, you can strive to get better. But if you know that you have a weakness in a specific area, you should ensure that your inner circle comprises leaders that have the skills you lack. A real life example that Maxwell gives is Lance Armstrong. Although Armstrong was a wonderful bike rider, he always credited his team for helping him reach the great achievements he enjoyed in the Tour de France. The author quotes another great leader in Mother Teresa whose life embodied many of the Laws; especially Sacrifice and Legacy who stated, You can do what I cannot do. I can do what you cannot do. Together we can do great things. This is one of the examples that Maxwell uses to drive points home. Above all I will apply the Law of The Inner Circle. I will constantly remind myself to surround myself with a strong inner circle. I have experience working in the prison system and all of the prisoners did not have a strong inner circle to help them make the correct decisions to help them become productive citizens instead of criminals. I will also make sure to instill this law in my children as they will soon have to deal with peer pressure. It’s important that when the time comes for them to make a life changing choice that they have an inner circle to go to or bring to remembrance clear direction from that circle.

How to Write a Dissertation in Management

How to Write a Dissertation in Management The dissertation is the last step that you have to take on your way to the MA degree. It provides you with an opportunity to show the skills and knowledge that you have gained through all academic years. Your dissertation is your chance to demonstrate that you’re well-versed in identifying the area(s) suitable for academic research: deciding on research objectives; gathering, organizing, and analyzing the relevant literature and secondary data; drawing conclusions, and if necessary, providing relevant recommendations for further research. University courses in the field of management are among the most popular all over the globe, at both graduate and undergraduate levels of study. Writing a dissertation in management requires planning ahead, using the key terms appropriately, conducting thorough research, and writing text in plain English. Step 1. Choose Dissertation Topic The field of management includes a wide variety of issues and trends that you’re welcome to dedicate your dissertation to. Whether you choose to analyze new trends or simply research traditional and well-known issues, it is important to choose a hooking topic, and you know you’ll be able to research, analyze, and write about. If you can’t come up with an attention-grabbing topic for a dissertation in management, check the following suggestions: How Do Psychosocial Hazards Impact Workplace Risk Management? Marilyn Ferguson: Traits of the New Paradigm in Leadership and Organizational Change; The Risk Management Process: Business Tactics and Strategies; Human Error in the Field of Project Management; The Impact of Technology and Innovation Usage on Business Management? Language Issues in Multinational Management; Can Eco-Friendly Business Strategies Boost Profitability? Entrepreneurial Management in Family-Owned Businesses; How to Enhance Project Management Efficiency in Newly Established Businesses; Gender Discrimination in the Delegation Task by Managers; Management and Its Impact on Organizational Efficiency; Managing Knowledge and Information in the Public Sector; Employees Flexibility Towards New Job Positions with Knowledge Management Strategies; Max Weber and Bureaucratic Management Theory; The Impact of Work-Life Balance, Talent Management, and Retention Strategies in the Hospitality Industry; Change Management and Its Impact on Business; Investigation of the Underlying Principle for Team Working Effectiveness and Working Techniques; Home-Work Interaction: A Challenge to HR Management; An Investigative Approach to Power Balances in Management Structures and Leadership of Multinational Companies; Public Sector Performance: Motivation, Management, and Measurement; Multicultural Project Management: What Are the Reasons for Failure? The Common Ways of Managing Change in Start-Up Businesses. Step 2. Write a Management Dissertation Proposal The term ‘dissertation proposal’ stands for a proposal for the final dissertation project that is aimed at persuading the committee that you are about to commit complex, interesting, and valuable questions. In other words, this is when you think of a significant issue and set up a plan for organizing information and writing the project. There are some key points to pay attention to when writing a proposal for a dissertation on management: What area is your project based on (supply chain management, sales management, public relations management, marketing management, etc.)? What problem is your project going to tackle? Why is it a problem for an academic or research community you belong to? Why is it necessary to find the right solution? How are you going to look for the answers? If, for example, you’re writing a dissertation on the topic ‘Can Job Motivation and Satisfaction Influence the Efficiency and Performance of a Company,’ the objectives and aims of this project are the following: To recommend operational models and strategies that can influence the organizational performance of the chosen company; To determine the benefits to the chosen company following an increase in personnel job satisfaction; To assess all the levels of motivational factors of the chosen company personnel that will enhance their job satisfaction, leading to organizational performance; To determine the whole range of motivational implications to the organizational effectiveness of the chosen company. The objectives mentioned above will help in providing the right answers to the issues relevant to the research question and sub-questions you’ve evaluated and analyzed on the basis of the related theories. Step 3. Perform an In-Depth Research At this stage, you set the overall development of your dissertation. It has to be effective since wasting your time analyzing and reading irrelevant sources may turn to be disastrous for your paper. Here are some quick recommendations on how to go through the research stage: Choose the right sources to look for information. Use the Internet as a starting point for your search. Use blogs, educational portals, forums, and articles. For the students engaged in marketing management, use the sources like Journal of Marketing Management. If it’s financial management that you write your dissertation on, Free Management Library will become handy. Human resource management issues, in turn, are available on the portals like Human Resource Management Journal or Harvard Business Review. However, make sure to double-check everything you read online to ensure it comes from a trusted place. Use Google Scholar to locate trustworthy resources of your interest. At the same time, don’t avoid regular visits to the library since librarians may provide you with some interesting publications. Organize your resources. It is important to take notes. If not, you’ll end up confused, having not the slightest idea of where certain materials are located. You’re welcome to use Penzu, Evernote, or any other app to write down notes for your management dissertation together with the sources you’re going to reference. Step 4: Write Your Dissertation in Management Writing goes smoothly when you have a solid plan. For that reason, you have to make a dissertation outline. You’ve got the proposal now, which serves as a preliminary outline for the management dissertation. Still, it’s necessary to construct a more detailed outline for a complex project. If your research led you to some unexpected direction, ensure to include all new points in the outline. Check the basic outline for the management dissertation: The Introduction The first part should provide a background of the issue, as well as a statement of the problem. Later on, you will specify and clarify the study purpose and the question of the research. Then, you’ll have to provide the definitions of each term that is relevant to your management dissertation. The authors are also welcome to give their expectations and assumptions about the final results. For instance, if you write on A Study of the Impact of Organizational Culture on Motivation of the Employed, your intro might include the following: ‘According to Graham Bennett, Human Resource Management is one of the crucial elements of operation in management. HRM has three key functions, acquiring human resources, maintaining them, as well as developing them. Human Resource Management directs and maintains human resources and represents the proper climate and culture for the employed in the companies. Out of all assets in a company, HR is the most crucial and dominant, which provid es organizations edge over others. Therefore, organizational management is buying commitment of the employed through successfully implementing motivation principles, rules, and policies.’ Literature Review In this section of the management dissertation, you’re required to review your research process and the key acknowledgments that you have come to. Remember that the literature review section should introduce and justify the questions and objectives of the research. It is not just a catalog of writers, authors, ideas, and frameworks but rather an introduction of a critical evaluation of the works of those authors. The literature review usually takes from 3 000 to 4 000 words. Methodology This section of the dissertation on management is focused on how you located each resource and all the results’ implementation methods. If it’s the qualitative dissertation that you write, you’ll expose the research participants, questions, processes of data analysis, data collection, and setting. In case it’s a quantitative dissertation, this chapter will focus on the research hypotheses and questions, collection of data, and data analysis. Findings This is the most significant part of the management dissertation for the reason that exactly at this stage, you’re required to demonstrate your intellectual capacity. Restate your research questions and talk about the results you’ve managed to find. Diagrams, graphs, etc. are useful when it comes to presenting the results of your research and illustrating the key points. Conclusions In the last chapter of the management dissertation, sum up the research, and give some brief results. It is important to explain what kind of difference your findings make in the academic world and how one can imply your findings in practice. If you’re writing a dissertation based on the business management issue, don’t confuse conclusions with the recommendations for the company that you investigate. If you’d like to provide a list of recommendations, provide a short separate chapter for that. At the end of the final chapter, make sure to create the so-called ‘Recommendations for future research’ segment, where you address the issues for the further research and clarify why exactly you do that. Bibliography It is important to use the citation style that is recommended by your college or university, as well as include the sources that you have used at the writing and research stage. Appendices Appendices are used by the authors in order to provide some supporting evidence for reference. By using the appendices, you have an opportunity to prove the authenticity of your work or illustrate points of principle specified in the text, questionnaires, etc. It is important to mention that appendices should include only subsidiary material. Don’t Skip Editing There’s a particular difference between proofreading and editing: proofreading is focused on the paper form, while editing is based on the essence. Make sure to focus on the essence at first. The point here is that you can’t proofread your project and then begin to erase all needless parts and add more text. It is highly recommended to see if there is a direct link between every argument throughout the text of your dissertation. Do you notice any gaps in the way materials are provided? Use the information that you collected at the research stage to fill in those gaps. Maybe at some point, you simply got carried away when providing research explanations. That’s not a problem. All you have to do is to cut those parts and clarify them as precisely as possible. After all, it’s all about quality and clarity, not the quantity. The management dissertation writing process is time-consuming and challenging. However, that’s not something that college or university students can’t cope with once they have step-by-step guidance at hand. You have to keep in mind how far you have come in your studies, so you simply can’t go back. For that reason, ensure to tackle the dissertation stage by stage, and soon, you will cope with the more important project in your academic career. Before you go and submit your dissertation in management to the committee, it is crucial to get some feedback. First, you might approach a colleague or a friend who has knowledge and skills in the field of management. It is important that you trust the chosen person since the dissertation is not an essay or book review. This is your intellectual property that is unique to the academic world. Get to know what they think about your piece and what suggestions for improvement they are ready to provide and why. Finally, have a talk with your mentor about the final touches for your project. S/he will highlight all the weak points that your dissertation has, as well as provide you with the instructions on how to finalize the writing stage before getting ready for the presentation.

Domestic Violence in New York City Research Paper

Domestic Violence in New York City - Research Paper Example Though the United States of America is a developed country where women’s freedom and equality is highly valued, the problem is rampant in this nation also. While the problem is highly significant as a social and legal issue, more important is its impact on the society as a challenging public health issue of far reaching consequences. The gravity of the problem can be understood from the fact that during 2005, â€Å"1,181 women† have been killed by an â€Å"intimate partner† and that females sustain â€Å"two million injuries from intimate partner violence each year† (The Facts on Domestic, Dating and Sexual Violence, 2009, p.1). Apart from the women who suffer due to the direct consequences of domestic violence, the children and other family members are also affected by domestic violence. However, most importantly, this menace is a serious public health problem which can have significant impacts on the community. The relevance of domestic violence as a maj or public health issue can be evidenced from the fact that females who become victims of this menace are â€Å"80 percent more likely† to suffer from a stroke and â€Å"70 percent more likely† to develop heart diseases (p.2). In addition, evidence also suggests that such women are more prone to diseases like asthma besides the possibility to â€Å"drink heavily† (p.2). In this context, it needs to be appreciated that healthcare costs can have a damaging effect not only on the family budget but also on community funding because when the government has to spend heavily on free medical services to those affected by domestic violence, the resources to be spent on developmental activities will be reduced. This becomes evident from the fact that New York State alone has spent â€Å"$227 million in 2005† on domestic violence, which could otherwise have been spent on developmental activities for the state (City Spending on Domestic Violence: A Review, 2007, p.1). In the specific context of the New York community, it transpires that as of 2005, nearly â€Å"13 percent of all murders† in this city are attributed to domestic violence and the total number of reported incidents comes to â€Å"226,000† (p.2). As stated before, the state spends a hefty sum on combating the problem and the expense primarily goes to â€Å"emergency social services† to females who fall victim to the menace, cost of law enforcement, preventive measures as well as other long term services (p.2). Healthcare is the most basic of the emergency social services provided to victims of domestic violence and community nurses have a key role to play in this effort. The service also needs to focus on preventing the recurrence of the incidence of domestic violence as well as â€Å"programs that assist victims† (p.2). Again, community health nurses have a significant role as a conduit between the healthcare systems and the victims or their families. Als o they can play a pivotal role in creating awareness about the problem within the community. Identifying potential families and providing counseling to them by the public healthcare nurses can go a long way in preventing recurrences. From the evidence emerging from various published materials, it transpires that domestic violence is a major public healthcare issue in the United States in general and New York State in particular. The problem not only costs heavy expenditure on an individual or family level but also places a hefty onus on the state as a result of which funding on developmental

Electrons in Atoms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electrons in Atoms - Research Paper Example This paper sought to study electrons in atoms; their history, science and applications. Both case study and descriptive research designs were employed r. Secondary sources were the main data sources used in this study. The first discovery of an electron was made by Sir John Joseph Thompson when he was studying Mysterious rays, today’s cathode rays in 1898 (Richards). Thompson made a very bold suggestion the mysterious rays were made up particles that were smaller than atoms, which he named corpuscles. Thompson further suggested that corpuscles might be the component of all the matter in an atom (AIP). By then the atom was believed to be the smallest indivisible particle of matter; hence the Thompsons theory was controversial until he, together with other scientists and proved it experimentally. Thompson’s suggestion that cathode rays were made of corpuscles later turned to be electrons, tiny, with a negative charge and the fundamental parts of an atom turned to be correct. In the mid-nineteenth century, an experiment of a glass tube with wires implanted in opposite sides, air pumped out, and a high voltage applied was very popular. Lovely glow patterns were made inside the tube. The experiment was improved by a German physicist in 1859, and the fluorescent glow was produced where the cathode light reached the glass. This experiment was a proof that the cathode emitted some kind ray (AIP). Speculations were made by physicists, including Thompson concerning these mysterious rays. Some thought they were waves like light waves while others, including Thompson thought they were particles. More experiments were made. A magnet was observed to push the rays about. Heinrich Hertz, a German Physicist, noted that the mysterious rays were not deflected by an electric field in a cathode ray tube as was expected for charged particles. More confusion engulfed scientists, and more experiments were needed to resolve the uncertainties. Jean Perrin, a French

Behaviourism As A Language Learning Theory English Language Essay

Behaviourism As A Language Learning Theory English Language Essay Introduction Human beings learn every now and then. According to Cambridge Advanced Dictionary (2003), learning can be defined as an activity of obtaining knowledge. We human usually learn or gain knowledge either in a conscious way or subconscious way. Learning is not necessary must be conducted in a formal way such as tutorial, class or lecture; however, we also learn when we having a conversation with others or be it listening to the radio. Learning is a relatively permanent change in a behavioral tendency and is the result of reinforced practice (1963, cited in Kimble and Garmezy, 1987, p.6). There are actually a few theories been used to describe how knowledge or language is acquired namely Behaviourism, Innatism and Interactionism. For the first part of this assignment will explain these theories various approaches and principles. Then, this paper will focus on the pedagogical implications of each theory in teaching English as a Second Language. Part two will focus on examining the underlying learning theories which could have influenced the teaching-learning activities from a textbook. By the end of this paper, students will be able to differentiate learning theories and adopt the most suitable ones into his/her teaching career. Behaviourism is the earliest language learning theory which is propounded by J.B. Watson (1878-1957) in 1913. This theory is supported and believed by some behaviourists who are Skinner, Pavlov and Thorndike; also, profoundly developed the theory of behaviourism on learning. Behaviourism focuses on observable behaviours which are changed as the symptoms of learning. According to Brown (1987: 17), the behaviouristic approach focuses on the immediately perceptible aspects of linguistic behaviour the publicly observable responses. Learning only occurs when there are changes in behaviour and observable as an evidence of changing. Feeling and mental process are not accepted in Skinners human behaviours theory; however, he still accepted the existence of mind. Behaviourists consider learning a language as a set of mechanical habits which are formed through a process of imitation and repetition. Humans learn a language through repeating the same form and text until it becomes a habit. Children imitate the sounds and patterns which they hear around (Lightbown Spada: 1999). So, it was proposed that learners would repeat words they heard and tried to use it in their conversation until it became a regular basis in life. Behaviourists therefore think that learning a language especially second language (L2) should be learnt through extensive drill and practice. Besides that, behaviourists also justified that learning a new language is learning a new set of habit. According to Ellis (1990), learning could be effected by manipulating the environment to provide the required experience. This lead to the theory formation of habit is related to the environment where learning process actually takes place. These habits formation and the environment are recognized as Stimulus-Response (S-R) by Pavlov and Skinner. In 1950s, school of psychology successfully prevailed S-R in the form of behaviourism to ensure the connection between both elements. Behaviourists might consider effective language behaviour to be the production of correct responses to stimuli (Brown: 1987). According to the theory, behaviour happens in casual, associative chains; all learning is thus characterized as associative learning, or habit formation, brought about by the repeated association of a stilmulus with a response Hadley (1993, cited in Hilgard 1962, p.45). So, its best kn own proponent, B.F. Skinner used rats conclude that conditioning has a 3-state procedure: stilmulus, response and reinforcement. From here, Skinner presumed that human learning and animal learning are parallel; thus, L2 learning is also similar as other kind of learning can be explained by the same laws as well as principles. Every process of learning has to be followed by reinforcement. All learning is the establishment of habits as the results of reinforcement and reward (Demirezen: 1988). In behaviourism, there are two different types of reinforcement. The first one is positive reinforcement, where the response or behaviour is strengthened and positively augmented by praise or reward. For instance, when a student answer a question correct and the teacher award him/her a star, then the student will try to answer another question because he/she is more confident and motivated. In contrast, the second reinforcement is negative reinforcement. If a student been scolded by his/her teacher after got the answer wrong, he/she would tend not to give answer by the next Q A session because it would make him/her feel embarrassed. In short, positive reinforcement helps learners develop correct habits. Furthermore, Behaviourist learning theory also claimed that old habits interfere with the acquisition of new ones. Learning of the L2 would be facilitated since all the learners had to do was to transfer L1 habits (Ellis: 1990). That means errors in first language learning (L1) are the result of interference in L2. It has to be avoided and prevent L1 interference happened as well as corrected on the spot if they do occur. One of the examples of extensively drilling in learning is Audio Lingual Method which is an American method. It is function as a structural approach designed to develop oral communication fluency in L2. Audio Lingual Method is focuses on accuracy (pronunciation and intonation), mistakes should be avoided and corrected immediately if it happened. Ellis (1990: 23) wrote: for learning to be effective habits had to become automatic. In short, language learnings pattern has to be over-learnt and the content based on common days dialogues as well as expression. If follow by the positive reinforcement which will help students to develop correct habits. By then, learning the structures of the language is more emphasized if compare to the vocabulary. Innatism In 1959, Noam Chomsky published Review of Verbal Behaviour to critically criticize Skinners theory of Behaviourism. Innatists claimed that linguistic knowledge is an abstract nature no solely on the set of mechanical habits (imitation and repetition). According to Ellis (1990), new grammatical forms were not acquired through imitation and not stamped in through practice. Language is too complex and occurs too rapidly for it to be learned through imitation. In other words, competence could not be achieved simply to performance due to insufficient of input to enable the child to discover the hidden rules (Ellis: 1990). For Chomsky, children are not necessary to be taught because they will learn in terms of walking at about same age; meanwhile, the environments contribute the most in learning. Chomsky and other linguists argued that children are credited with a special ability to discover the underlying rules of a language system within themselves. This innate and special ability is cal led Language Acquisition Device (LAD) or a little black box and Universal Grammar (UG) which exist in the brain. The LAD contains a set of abstract principles common to all languages which enables the child to produce infinite variety of sentences and construct grammatical sentences. UG was claimed to help children to extract the rules of their language and to avoid grammatical errors (Fromkin, Rodman, Hyams 2007). Therefore, a child has to listen and learn grammar to trigger the LAD or UG which then enables the child to discover the rules of the language. In short, human beings acquire and adapt language in any environment along with input of language or linguistic knowledge. Monitor Model In 1982, Stephen Krashen, who have had a great influence on language learning and acquisition by stimulated the Monitor Model. The Monitor Model consists of five hypotheses which are The Input Hypothesis, The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, The Monitor Hypothesis, The Natural Order Hypothesis and The Affective Filter Hypothesis. The first hypothesis is Input Hypothesis. This hypothesis claimed that language acquisition takes place through comprehension input (CI). Comprehensible input is available when students or learners are able to understand messages and their attention is focused on meaning. Besides that, comprehensible input will only occur if the inputs forms and structures pitch one level above the level of student (CI = i + 1). Whatever it pitches one level above learners current level competence, both comprehension and acquisition will occur. Learners will not benefit anything in learning if the input has no element of challenge; however, they will not acquire the knowledge if the input is too difficult. Acquisition leads to the result of comprehensible input and not production or quantity. Comprehensible Input does not have to be fine-tuned and reading is crucial to language acquisition*. The second hypothesis is Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis. This hypothesis explained that adults have two distinct and independent ways to develop knowledge of a second language learning and acquisition. In Krashens view, a learner learns second language whereas a child picks up or acquires his/her mother tongue (first language). Learning is a conscious process with attention to form and error correction. In contrast, acquisition is a subconscious process when a learner is engaged in meaningful communication and focus is on meaning. Both acquired and learned knowledge are separately; therefore, learned knowledge cannot be converted into acquired knowledge. If learner acquires knowledge by naturally, the knowledge will be able to use spontaneously. The third hypothesis is Monitor Hypothesis. Krashen developed this hypothesis and urged that acquired knowledge is responsible for fluency and intuitive judgements about correctness. On the other hand, learnt knowledge can be put to conscious use through the Monitor. A learner will use the monitor through learnt knowledge to correct and check what they say is grammatically. This monitor operates only under three circumstances when there is sufficient time to self-correct, the focus is on form and knowledge of the rules being applied (Hadley: 1993). The fourth hypothesis is Natural Order Hypothesis where grammatical structures are acquired in a natural and predictable order. It shows the evidence whenever the focus is on communication. The last hypothesis is Affective Filter Hypothesis. Affect refers to things as motives, needs, attitures, and emotional states (Lightbown Spada 1999).This hypothesis is connected to the motivation factor. Cook (1993, cited in Krashen 1985, p.3) claims that in order for a learner to success in acquiring knowledge, CI is a necessary but not sufficient due to a mental block that prevents acquirers from utilizing the CI input they receive for language acquisition This mental block is called affective filter. The affective filter is low when the learners motivation and self-confidence is high as well as low anxiety; therefore, more input is available for acquisition. On the other hand, the affective filter is high when learners motivation and self-confidence are low. In short, the success of acquisition is controlled by the affective filter. Interactionism Krashen claimed that every human has a natural innate mechanism to learn a language along with comprehensible input (CI). However, Krashens CI came under challenge by few Applied Linguists namely Evelyn Hatch, Teresa Pica and Michael Long. Michael Long agrees with Krashen that CI is important for language acquisition but how input is made comprehensible (Lightbown Spada: 1999). Language develops as a result when interaction occurs between children and other speakers. Every learner has to converse and communicate with others in order to adapt what they have learnt which shows their competence and understanding. Therefore, a learner will develop his/her language ability when they take part in spontaneous interactions rather than straight drills (Nunen 1991). Correspondingly, Language acquisition is an outcome of interaction between the learners mental abilities and the linguistic environment (Rozzana: n.d.). Native speaker provides language input to language learner; meanwhile, language learner produces the language as the product of output through communication. In fact, interactional modifications usually take place when native speaker modify their speech in order to make their speech comprehensible. It is supported by Long (p.342) that modification is the vital and widely used method of making input comprehensible. Learners will be promoted and engaged into this modification and negotiation of meaning when there is a communication breakdown. There are few examples of interactional modifications which are comprehension checks, clarification requests, confirmation checks, self repetition/paraphrase and use of extralinguistic features. In addition, learners usually engage in learning when information is to be exchanged with each other. During the process of exchanging information or feedback after the conversation, output will be a route to language learning along with interactional modification. Besides that, two-way communication promotes more interactional modification than one-way communication. According to Rozzana (n.d.), for the learner to communicate, he must learn the language and in order to learn it he must communicate. This point often overlooked on how Bangladeshi workers in Malaysia can master simple Bahasa Malaysia although without attending formal tutorial. They acquire the language through social interaction in daily conversation; also, interact with the environment. Henceforth, Longs ideas are identical with Vygotskys theory of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) where learners acquire knowledge through interaction with the physical world (Lightbown Spada: 1999). Comprehension Output Both Michael Long and Stephen Krashen agree that CI as a source of acquisition. On the contrary, some interactionists argue that CI is not sufficient for language acquisition depends on some factors which cannot account for the whole of acquisition (cf. Long, 1989:10). Learners need to be instilled language development especially grammatical development. Besides that, learners must be pushed or forced to produce comprehensible target language in order for language development to occur. With this in mind, one of the activities which is called read and respond in Myline whereby students are assigned an article to read and given their opinion critically. So, students are not only received input from teachers whereas trigger their LAD while producing language, either spoken or written. Fours ways (reading, listening, writing and speaking) in which output might play a role in the process of second language learning have been proposed (Swain, 1985). Listening and reading could be the compr ehensible inputs different from speaking and writing which are comprehensible outputs. Learners are given the opportunities to test his/her hypothesis about the language through comprehensible output. This is especially so when learner notices a gap in his/her interlanguage system if there is a communication breakdown. Once the learner realize the gap in interlanguage system, he/she is likely to search their own linguistic knowledge for information which might help to close the gap; also, pay attention to relevant input (Swain, 1993). Hence, learner will focus on form and mismatches between input and output which may also provide some of the information a learner needs about what is not permissible in a language (Long, 1996). Last but not least, CI encourages semantic processing but CO encourages syntactic processing. Audio Lingual Method is a wise method to be used to learn a language; however, it is not enough to suit the advancement of language learning nowadays. Since this theory deduced that learning is a mechanical process but it does not account for the creativity evident in ones ability to produce novel utterances and childrens imitation of structures show evidence of almost no innovation (Brown 1987, Demirezen 1988). Students will find it hardly to converse in the target language when they step into the true sense of the world; also, unable to write or create new sentences.

Education :: essays research papers fc

Education of Gifted Children Started in the 1970’s, America’s Gifted & Talented programs are used to enhance the curriculum of students included in either category in order to challenge and strengthen their unique abilities. These students are usually provided a separate class with specialized lessons in all areas and a teacher with a special degree in gifted education. I feel that it is important that the teacher was a gifted student who would know what the students must face as "above average" members of their school. The job market for gifted education offers a wide range of opportunity and gifted teachers are needed all over the country. One of the earliest programs for gifted and talented students was set up in 1974, at The Old Donation Center, in Virginia Beach. Students scoring within the top 3% of students on an assessment test are referred here to be further challenged. These students are considered gifted and have special teachers and classes to promote development of their talents and minds. Programs like this began to pop up around the nation in the 70’s; however, gifted students were looked down upon by teachers, parents, and peers. Many people considered them to be "freaks" because they were different. They didn’t understand the implications of the terms "gifted" and "talented". Most people simply expected gifted students to act more mature or to be geniuses, even though gifted students are the same as other children in their needs as human beings. Some gifted students were forced to grow up too fast and some simply ignored the fact that they were smarter than others, thus, they were lost in the shuffle. The irony of it all is that gifted-ness seems to run in families and the children of these repressed gifted students are, themselves, gifted. But what exactly is a "gifted" student? Students (elementary & secondary) are given a repertoire of tests. These tests check IQ, psychomotor ability, specific academic aptitude/talent, creative and productive thinking, leadership ability, and skills in the visual and performing arts. The main requirement, the IQ, is tested by a standardized IQ test (remember, however, that IQ tests are not always perfectly accurate). Ratings are given to each bracket of IQ scores: 85-99 Lower normal 100-114 Upper normal 115-129 Bright 130-144 Gifted 145-159 Highly gifted 160+ Above profoundly gifted If a student receives a rating of "gifted" or higher (130+), he/she is considered to be a gifted student and is introduced into the

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay

The world economic outlook is bright. World GDP growth is forecast to average slightly more than 4 percent per annum during 2006-2007. Asia will continue to act as the primary engine of global growth, though activity will also be supported by continued U. S. economic expansion of almost 3 percent annually. China will continue to register robust growth of slightly more than 9 percent per annum, and output will continue to increase rapidly also in India. Japan also appears to be entering a longer phase of stable growth. The positive global environment will be reinforced by the Euro Area, where economic growth is forecast to accelerate in response to a recovery in domestic demand (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy). The National Institute of Economic and Social Research has recently released a set of forecasts regarding the state of world economy in 2007. Below are listed some of the key points: Global growth will quicken to 5. 1 per cent this year falling back only a bit in 2007 to a still rapid 4. 7 per cent. Inflationary pressures are rising, mainly owing to higher oil prices, but the impact of rising oil prices on inflation and output is now more muted than in the past. Global imbalances remain marked and the dollar may have to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to halve the US current-account deficit. The US economy will grow by over 3 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, but inflationary pressures are mounting. The Japanese economic recovery has become self-sustaining and GDP will rise by 3. 1 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 6 per cent in 2007. The Euro Area will expand by around 2 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, and consumer price inflation will average about 2. 5 per cent in both years. The NIESR report goes on to elaborate upon the aforementioned points: Advanced countries in the OECD bloc are participating in the upswing but the main reason for the current period of exceptionally strong global growth is the long boom in China. In 2005, China represented 15. 4 per cent of global GDP on a purchasing-power parity basis, up from 3. 4 per cent in 1980. Global inflation is rising in response to higher oil prices, but much less so than in the past. New estimates suggest that a $10 permanent rise in oil prices will add 0. 2 to 0. 4 percentage points to inflation in the United States in the four years to 2009, with a somewhat smaller impact in the Euro Area, and a still smaller effect in the UK. The global upswing continues to be accompanied by major imbalances, notably the scale of the US current account deficit, which widened by 4. 5 percentage points of GDP between 1997 and 2005. Since this deterioration has mainly financed increased consumer spending rather than productive investment, financial markets may conclude that the deficit is not sustainable. It is estimated that the dollar’s value against a basket of currencies needs to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to reduce the current account deficit by 3 percentage points of GDP. The US economy will grow by 3. 6 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 1 per cent in 2007. The economy continues to be driven mainly by consumption, which will increase by 3. 3 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 9 per cent in 2007. Housing investment is slackening but business investment, stimulated by high corporate profits, will buoy growth this year and next. Inflation is picking up and the private consumption deflator will rise by 3. 0 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 3 per cent in 2007. There now appears little doubt that the Japanese recovery from the bleak period of deflation and stagnation has become self-sustaining. The economy grew by 3. 5 per cent in the year to the first quarter of 2006 . Business investment is expanding strongly and consumer spending is expected to grow by 1. 9 per cent a year in 2006 and 2007. Average earnings, which had been falling earlier in the decade, will grow by 0. 8 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 8 per cent in 2007. The outlook for the Euro Area is for higher inflation despite a fairly modest recovery. Consumer prices will rise by 2. 6 per cent in 2006 compared with 2. 2 per cent in 2005. Tighter monetary conditions together with measures in Germany to cut the budget deficit will hold back growth in consumption and GDP in the Euro Area. Consumer spending will also be restrained by sluggish growth in average earnings as the corporate sector manages to retain its increased profitability (Barrell et al, 8-31).

Dualism And Belief That The Mind And Brain Essay - 1201 Words

According to J.P. Moreland in his argument for dualism, he states that humans are composed of both an immaterial substance and a physical substance. Moreland notes that there are contrasting differences between the minds and the brains and that they are ultimately separate entities. By defending dualism, Moreland seeks to make nonbelievers believe in immaterial souls, while discrediting materialism. We can look at the arguments in which Moreland uses to support the argument of dualism and belief that the mind and brain are separate entities. Dualism is defined as a belief that mental occurrences are more than just a physical act. Humans are composed of two kinds of substances which are immaterial and physical. The immaterial substance consists of the mind or soul and the physical substance consists of the body. Moreland attempts to make nonbelievers believe in the immaterial soul by mentioning that there are numerous non-physical entities that we believe in, such as numbers, goodnes s and moral laws. This ultimately leads to the defense of dualism and rejecting the physicalism worldview that is present with those that deny that the mind and body are separate entities. The defense of dualism stems from two questions. First, is a human being composed of just one ultimate component or two? The second asks if the answer is two, how do these two relate to one another? This idea starts Moreland argument for dualism over physicalism. Physicalism is a worldview that states thatShow MoreRelatedGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entityRead MoreThe Argument of Dualism Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages In my mind, dualism is a more attractive view to take when considering the mind-brain issue. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of dualism. One reason it appeals to me is because of my religion, my Catholic upbringing. Introspection is another good reason why dualism is a little more logical to me than materialism.. It logically explains why the mind and brain are separate. Also, the divisibility argument raisesRead MoreIs The Mind Body Problem ?1219 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own single beliefs. One of their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it easier to believe in substance dualism, because of howRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreEssay The Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Brain Problem Concerning Dualism and Materialism I am faced with the philosophical task of defending either dualism or materialism, depending on which one is most attractive to me. So either I support the theory of dualism, which is the belief that there is both a physical and a spiritual state, or I believe in materialism, which is the belief that everything that exists is material or physical. Although I believe materialism to be easier to prove, I find dualism more attractiveRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Dualism1357 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the mind. Perhaps that is why we continue to have so many questions about it. 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After briefly defining Cartesian Dualism, I will show that its principal merit s are that it is consistent with common sense and that it is able to explain phenomena that appear mental in nature. Next, I will show that its principal challenges are its failure to adequately explain how the mind and the body can causally interact, and its failure to respond to the observation that brain damage impairsRead MoreThe Brain Identity Theory, Logical Behaviorism, And Dualism Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesyou ever stop to think if your thoughts, beliefs, and desires can be described as something physical? The mind-body problem focuses on identifying the relation between the physical and the mental. Physical objects include our body, brain, and much more such as our neurons and the chemicals in our body. When we mention a physical object we can describe it by having properties of texture, shape, color, and size. The mental objects are said to be our beliefs, desires, and emotions. But can these mental